Abstract
This paper reviews some of the broader questions concerning the mechanics of jets and plumes moving in static and moving fluids, with and without stratification; some new explanations are suggested and the literature is reviewed:
-
(1)
forced jets and plumes in unbounded static fluid are considered in general terms to explain when an inward mean entrainment velocity occurs, and why and where it ceases under the action of turbulence and external straining;
-
(2)
the question of whether the structure of turbulence in jets/plumes is or is not sensitive to initial and boundary conditions and to internal forces is considered;
-
(3)
jets/plumes forced by a disperse second phase (e.g. sprays or bubbles) are reviewed, in particular to explain how and over which length scales the continuous phase accelerates before decelerating by entrainment, and to show how the turbulence is generally strongly affected by the motions of the very dilute (< 1%) second phase!
-
(4)
the interaction between strong jets/plumes and cross-flows are discussed in terms of vortex dynamics and the external induced entrainment field, with some suggestions as to the modelling of the transport of cross-flow momentum by the jet where there is weak shear and stable stratification in the cross-flow;
-
(5)
the important differences between plumes in a moist and dry atmosphere are briefly reviewed to explain how, within upward turbulent plumes, downward moving lumps of cool dry air caused by the evaporation of the surrounding drops can produce significant downward gusts below the plumes, which may be of great practical importance;
-
(6)
the principles of models for numerical weather prediction, which must represent cloud process in the atmosphere averaged over the size of the grid, are briefly discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anfossi, D, FerrerO, E, Brusasca, G, Marzorati, A & Tinarelli, G 1993 A simple way of computing buoyant plume rise in Lagrangian stochastic dispersion models. Atmospheric Environment, 27A-9, 1443–1452.
Anselmet, F, Gagne, Y, Hopfinger, E J & Antonia, R A 1984 High-order velocity structure functions in turbulent shear flow. J. Fluid Mech., 146, 63–89.
Bevilaqua, PM& Lykoudis, P S 1978 Turbulence memory in self-preserving wakes. J. Fluid Mech., 89, 589–606.
Briggs, G A 1969 Plume Rise. United States Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information, Oakridge, Tennessee.
Coelho, S L V 1989 PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge, UK.
Coelho, S L V & Hunt, J C R 1989 The dynamics of the near field of strong jets in cross-flows. J. Fluid Mech., 200, 95–120.
Collier, C G, Dixon, J, Harrison, M S J, Hunt, J C R, Mitchell, J F B & Richardson, D S 1993 Extreme surface winds in mid-latitude climates. J. Wind Eng. & Ind. Aero., in press.
Elghobashi, S E & Truesdell, G C 1991 On the interaction between particles and decaying turbulence. Eighth Symp. on Turb. Shear Flows, Munich, 7-3-1 -7-3-6, Springer.
Frisch, U 1991 From global scaling, a là Kolmogorov, to local multifractal scaling in fully developed turbulence. Proc. R. Soc. A, 434, 89–99.
George, W K 1990 The nature of turbulence. Proc. Forum on Turbulent Flows; (Eds. W M Bower, M J Morris & M Samimy) FED (Series) 94, 1–10, Am. Soc. Mech. Engrs.
Ghosh, S, Phillips, J C & Perkins, R J 1991 Modelling the flow in droplet-driven sprays. Adv. in Turb. 3., (Eds. A V Johansson & P H Alfredsson), 405–413, Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Ghosh, S & Hunt, J C R 1993 Induced air velocity within droplet-driven sprays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., in press.
Hinze, J O 1975 Turbulence. McGraw-Hill.
Huerre, P & Monkewitz, P A 1990 Local and global instabilities in spatially developing flows. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 22, 473–538.
Hunt, J C R 1992 Developments in computational modelling of turbulent flows. ERCOFTAC Workshop on numerical simulation of unsteady flow (Eds. O Pirroneau, W Rodi, I L Rhyming, A M Savill & T V Truong), 1–76, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hunt, J C R & Carruthers, D J 1990 Rapid distortion theory and the ‘problems’ of turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 212, 497–532.
Hunt, J C R, Kaimal, J C & Gaynor, J E 1988 Eddy structure in the convective boundary layer -new measurements and new concepts. Q. J. Met. Soc., 114, 821–858.
Hunt, J C R & Vassilicos, J C 1991 Kolmogorov’s contributions to the physical and geometrical understanding of small scale turbulence and recent developments. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A, 434, 183–240.
Husain, H S & Hussain, A K M F 1991 Elliptic jets. Part 2. Dynamics of coherent structures: pairing. J. Fluid Mech., 233, 439–482.
Keffer, J F, Kawall, J, A, Hunt, J C R & Maxey, M R 1978 The uniform distortion of thermal and velocity mixing layers. J. Fluid Mech., 86, 465–490.
Kiya, M, Ohyama, M & Hunt, J C R 1986 Vortex pairs and rings interacting with shear layer vortices. J. Fluid Mech., 172, 1–15.
Kolmogorov, A N 1941 The local structure of turbulence in incompressible fluid for very large Reynolds numbers. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 30(4), 301–305.
Kotsovinos, N E & Angelidis, PB 1991 The momentum flux in turbulent submerged jets. J. Fluid Mech., 229, 453–470.
Lighthill, M J 1957 Drift. J. Fluid Mech., 1, 31–53.
McClimans, T A Entrainment/detrainment along river plumes, this Volume.
Monkewitz, P A, Bechert, D W, Bernikow, B & Lehmann, B 1990 Self-excited oscillations and mixing in a heated round jet. J. Fluid Mech., 213, 611–635.
Morton, B R, Taylor, G & Turner, J S 1956 Turbulent gravitational convection from maintained and instantaneous sources. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A, 234, 1–23.
Mungal, M G & Hollingsworth, D K 1989 Organised motion in a very high Reynolds number jet. Phys. Fluids B, 1, 1615–1622.
Needham, D J, Riley, N & Smith, J H B 1988 A jet in crossflow. J. Fluid Mech., 188, 159–184.
Prandtl, L 1951 Essentials of Fluid Dynamics, Blackie.
Schneider, W 1981 Flow induced by jets and plumes. J. Fluid Mech., 108, 55–65.
Snyder, W H, this volume.
Stegen, G, this volume.
Stretch, D D, Hunt, J C R & Britter, R E 1984 The dispersion of slightly dense contaminants. Proc. IUTAM Symposium on Atmospheric dispersion of heavy gas and small particles. Eds. G Ooms & H Tennekes, 333–346, Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Taylor, G I 1958 Flow induced by jets. J. Aero. Space Sci., 25, 464–465.
Townsend, A A 1976 Structure of Turbulent Shear Flows. (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press.
Turner, J S 1973 Buoyancy Effects in Fluids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Turner, J S 1986 Turbulent entrainments: the development of the entrainment assumption, and its application to geophysical flows. J. Fluid Mech., 173, 431–471.
Vassilicos, J C 1992 The multispiral model of turbulence and intermittency. Topological Aspects of the Dynamics of Fluids and Plasmas (Eds. H K Moffatt, G M Zaslavsky, M Tabor and P Comte), Kluwer, Dordrecht. Page numbers.
Wood, V T 1992 Whirlwind formation at a burning oil supertanker in the Gulf of Mexico. Monthly Weather Review, 20, 371–372.
Wygnanski, I J, Oster, D, Fiedler, H E & Dziomba, B 1979 On the perseverance of a quasi-two-dimensional eddy-structure in a turbulent mixing layer. J. Fluid Mech., 93, 325–335.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hunt, J.C.R. (1994). Atmospheric Jets and Plumes. In: Davies, P.A., Neves, M.J.V. (eds) Recent Research Advances in the Fluid Mechanics of Turbulent Jets and Plumes. NATO ASI Series, vol 255. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0918-5_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0918-5_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4396-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-0918-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive