Skip to main content

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((NAII,volume 10))

Abstract

The atomistic mechanisms and dynamics of the interaclions of two materials during relative motion, need to be understood in order to develop fundamental understanding of adhesion, friction, wear, indentation, and lubrication processes. At most solid-solid interfaces of technological relevance, contact occurs at many asperities. Consequently the importance of investigating single asperity contacts in studies of the fundamental micromechanical and tribological properties of surfaces and interfaces has long been recognized.. The recent emergence and proliferation of proximal probes, in particular scanning probe microscopies (the scanning tunneling microscope and the atomic force microscope) and the surface force apparatus, and of computational techniques for simulating tip-surface interactions and interfacial properties, has allowed systematic investigations of interfacial problems with high resolution as well as ways and means for modifying and manipulating nanoscale structures. These advances have led to the appearance of the new field of micro/nanotribology, which pertains to experimental and theoretical investigations of interfacial processes on scales ranging from the atomic- and molecular- to the microscale, occurring during adhesion, friction, scratching, wear, nanoindenlation, and thin-film lubrication at sliding surfaces (Singer and Pollock, 1992; Persson and Tosatti, 1996; Bhushan,.1995, 1997, 1998a, b, 1999a, b, c, 2001; Bhushan et al., 1995a; Guntherodt et al., 1995).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bhushan, B. (1995),“Micro/Nanotribology and its Applications to Magnetic Storage Devices and MEMS,” Tribol. Int 28, 85–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. (1996), Tribology and Mechanics of Magnetic Storage Devices, Second ed., Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. (1997), Micro/Nanotribology and its Applications, Vol. E330, Kluwer Academic Pub., Dordrecht, Netherlands.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. (1998a), Tribology Issues and opportunities in MEMS, Kluwer Academic Pub., Dordrecht, Netherlands.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B, (1998b), “Micro/nanotribology Using Atomic Force/Friction Force Microscopy: State of the Art,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs. Pari J: J. Eng. Tribal. 212, 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. (1999a), Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology, Second ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. (1999b), “Nanoscale Tribophysics and Tribomechanics,” Wear 225-229, 465–492.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. (1999c),“Wear and Mechanical Characterisation on Micro-to Picoscales Using AFM,” int. Mat. Rev. 44, 105–117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. (1999d), Principles and Applications of Tribology, Wiley, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. (2001), Modem Tribology Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. and Blackman, G.S. (1991),“Atomic Force Microscopy of Magnetic Rigid Disks and Sliders and its Applications to Tribology,” ASME J. Tribol. 113, 452–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. and Dandavate, C. (2000),“Thin-film Friction and Adhesion Studies Using Atomic Force Microscopy,” J. Appl. Phys. 87, 1201–1210.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B, and Goldade, A. V, (2000a),“Measurements and Analysis of Surface Potential Change During Wear of Single Crystal Silicon (100) at Ultralow Loads Using Kelvin Probe Microscopy”, Appl. Surf. 157, 373–381.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B, and Goldade, A. V. (2000b),“Kelvin Probe Microscopy Measurements of Surface Potential Change Under Wear at Low Loads,” Wear (in press)..

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. and Koinkar, V, N. (1994a),“Tribological Studies of Silicon for Magnetic Recording Applications”, J. Appl Phys, 75, 5741–5746.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. and Koinkar V. N. (1994b),“Nanoindentation Hardness Measurements Using Atomic Force Microscopy”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1653–1655.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. and Kulkarni, A, V. (1996), “Effect of Normal Load on Microscale Friction Measurements”, Thin Solid Films 278, 49–56; 293, 333.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. and Liu, H. (2001),“Nanotribological Properties and Mechanisms of Alkylthiol and Biphenyl Thiol Self-Assembled Monolayers Studied by AFM,” J. Phys. Chem., submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B, and Ruan, J. (1994),“Atomic-scale Friction Measurements Using Friction Force Microscopy: Part II-Application to Magnetic Media”, ASME J. Trib. 116, 389–396.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. and Sundararajan, S. (1998),“Micro/nanoscale Friction and Wear Mechanisms of Thin Films Using Atomic Force and Friction Force Microscopy”, Acta Mater. 46, 3793–3804.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B., Koinkar V. N. and Ruan, J. (1994), “Microtribology of Magnetic Media”, Proc. Inst. Meek Eng., Part J: 1 Eng. Tribol. 208, 17–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B., Israelachvili, J. N, and Landman, U. (1995a), “Nanotribology: Friction, Wear and Lubrication at the Atomic Scale”, Mature 374, 607–616.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B., Kulkarni, A. V,, Koinkar, V. N., Boehm, M., Odoni, L., Martelet, C. and Belin, M. (1995b),“Microtribological Characterization of Self-assembled and Langmuir-Blodgett Monolayers by Atomic and Friction Force Microscopy,” Langmuir 11,3189–3198.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B., Kulkarni, A., V., Bonin, W. and Wyrobek, J. T. (1996), “Nano/Picoindentation Measurement Using a Capacitance Transducer System in Atomic Force Microscopy,” Philos. Mag. 74, 1117–1128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bcibji, M. S. and Bhushan, B, (2000),“Atomic Force Microscopic Study of the Micro-Cracking of Magnetic Thin Films Under Tension,” Scripta Mater. (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobji, M. S. and Bhushan, B. (2001), “In-Situ Microscopic Surface Characterization Studies of Polymeric Thin Films During Tensile Deformation Using Atomic Force Microscopy,” J. Mater. Res., submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowden, F.P. and Tabor, D. (1950), The Friction and Lubrication of Solids, Part 1, Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVecchio, D. and Bhushan, B. (1998), “Use of a Nanoscale Kelvin Probe for Detecting Wear Precursors,” Rev, Sci Instramen. 69, 3618–3624.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frisbie, C.D., Rozsnyai, L.F., Noy, A., Wrighton M.S. and Lieber, C.M., (1994), “Functional Group imaging by Chemical Force Microscopy,” Science 265, 2071–2074.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guntherodt, H.J., Anselmetti, D. and Meyer, E. (1995), Forces in Scanning Probe Methods, Vol. E286, Kluwer Academic Pub., Dordrecht, Netherlands.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Koinkar, V.N. and Bhushan, B. (1996a), “Micro/nanoscale Studies of Boundary Layers of Liquid Lubricants for Magnetic Disks,” J. Appl. Phys. 79, 8071–8075.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koinkar, V.N. and Bhushan, B. (1996b), “Microtribological Studies of Unlubricated and Lubricated Surfaces Using Atomic Force/friction force Microscopy,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14, 2378–2391.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koinkar, V.N. and Bhushan, B. (1996c), “Microtribological Studies of Al2O2-TIC, Polycrystalline and Single-Crystal Mn-Zn Ferrite and SiC Head Slider Materials,” Wear 202, 110–422

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koinkar, V.N. and Bhushan, B. (1997a),“Microtribological Properties of Hard Amorphous Carbon Protective Coatings for Thin Film Magnetic Disks and Heads,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J: J. Eng, Tribol. 211, 365–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koinkar, V,N. and Bhushan, B. (1997b),“Effect of Scan Size and Surface Roughness on Micro-scale Friction Measurements,” J. Appl. Phys. 81, 2472–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koinkar, V,N. and Bhushan, B. (1997c), “Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopies of Single-crystal Silicon Microworn/machined Using Atomic Force Microscopy,” J, Mater. Res. 12, 3219–3224.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni, A.V, and Bhushan, B. (1996a),“Nanoscale Mechanical Property Measurements Using Modified Atomic Force Microscopy,” Thin Solid Films 290-291, 206–210.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni, A.V. and Bhushan, B. (1996b),“Nano/picoindentation Measurements on Single-crystal Aluminum Using Modified Atomic Force Microscopy,” Materials Letters 29, 221–227.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni, A.V. and Bhushan, B. (1997),“Nanoindentation Measurement of Amorphous Carbon Coatings,” J. Mater. Res. 12, 2707–2714.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mate, C.M., McClelland, G.M., Erlandsson R. and Chiang, S. (1987),“Atomic-scale Friction of a Tungsten Tip on a Graphite Surface,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 1942–1945.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, E., Overney, R., Luthi, R., Brodbeck, D., Howald, L., Frommer, J., Guntherodt, HJ., Wolter, O., Fujihira, M., Takano, T. and Gotoh, Y. (1992),“Friction Force Microscopy of Mixed Langmuir-Blodgett Films,’ Thin Solid Films 220, 132–1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Persson, B.N.J. and Tosatti, E. (1996), Physics of Sliding Friction, Vol E311, Kluwer Academic Pub., Dordrecht, Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruan, J. and Bhushan, B. (1994a), “Atomic-scale Friction Measurements Using Friction Force Microscopy: Part I General Principles and New Measurement Techniques,” ASME J. Tribol. 116, 378–388.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruan, J. and Bhushan, B. (1994b), “Atomic-scale and Microscale Friction of Graphite and Diamond Using Friction Force Microscopy,” J. Appl. Phys. 76, 5022–5035.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruan, J. and Bhushan, B. (1994c), “Frictional Behavior of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite,” J. Appl. Phys. 76, 8117–8120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, V., Arnold W. and Bhushan, B. (1998),“Active Friction Control Using Ultrasonic Vibration,” in Tribology Issues and Opportunities in MEMS (B. Bhushan, ed.), pp, 463–469, Kluwer Academic Pub., Dordrecht, Netherlands.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, V., Arnold, W. and Bhushan, B. (1999), “Lateral Force Microscopy Using Acoustic Friction Force Microscopy,” Surface and Interface Anal. 27, 578–587.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, I.L. and Pollock, H.M. (1992), Fundamentels of Friction: Macroscopic and Microscopic Processes, Vol. E220, Kluwer Academic Pub., Dordrecht, Netherlands.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sundararajan, S. and Bhushan, B. (2000a), “Development of a Continuous Microscratch Technique in an Atomic Force Microscope and its Application to Study Scratch Resistance of Ultra-Thin Hard Amorphous Carbon Coatings,” J. Mater; Res., (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundararajan, S. and Bhushan, B. (2000b),“Topography-Induced Contributions to Friction Forces Measured Using an Atomic Force/Friction Force Microscope,” J. Appl. Phys. 88 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, X. and Bhushan, B. (1998),“Material Removal Mechanism of Single-crystal Silicon on Nanoscale and at Ultralow Loads,” Wear 223, 66–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bhushan, B. (2001). Friction, Wear, Lubrication, and Materials Characterization Using Scanning Probe Microscopy. In: Bhushan, B. (eds) Fundamentals of Tribology and Bridging the Gap Between the Macro- and Micro/Nanoscales. NATO Science Series, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0736-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0736-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-6837-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0736-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics