Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Original Phenomenological Movement

  • Chapter
The Phenomenological Movement

Part of the book series: Phaenomenologica ((PHAE,volume 5/6))

Abstract

There was no such thing as a definite beginning of a Phenomenological Movement, let alone a school, in Husserl’s wake, just as little as there had been a deliberate and clearly marked founding of phenomenology in his own development. But around 1905 Husserl began to attract a number of students, in the beginning chiefly from Munich, who developed a kind of group spirit and initiative which led gradually to the formation of the Göttingen Circle.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Selective Bibliography

Major Works

  • Phänomenologie des Wolfens (1900, 3rd ed. 1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Einführung in die Psychologie (1904)

    Google Scholar 

  • “Motive und Motivation” in Münchener Philosophische Abhandlungen (1911)

    Google Scholar 

  • “Zur Psychologie der Gesinnungen” in JPPF I (1913) and III (1916)

    Google Scholar 

  • Logik (1921) JPPF IV (1921, 3rd ed. 1963) Translation: Spanish (1928, 1940) by J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez Bances “Grundprobleme der Charakterologie” in Utitz, E., ed., Jahrbuch für Charakterologie I (1924), 289–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Die Seele des Menschen (1933)

    Google Scholar 

  • Philosophie der Lebensziele (posthumous edition of lecture notes by Wolfgang Trillhaas) (1948); see PPR X (1950), 438–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Schriften aus dem Nachlass zur Phänomenologie und Ethik. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1973. Band 1: Philosophie auf phänomenologischer Grundlage, ed. H. Spiegelberg in collaboration with E. Avé-Lallemant. Band 2: Ethik in kurzer Darstellung, ed. Peter Schwankl

    Google Scholar 

  • Translation of the articles on “Motive und Motivation” and the Introductions to the Phänomenologie des Wolfens and the Logik in Phenomenology of Willing and Motivation and Other Phaenomenologica introduced and translated by Herbert Spiegelberg. Northwestern University Press, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

Books

  • SCHUHMANN, KARL, Husserl über Pfänder. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • SPIEGELBERG, H., Alexander Pfänders Phänomenologie. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • SPIEGELBERG, H. Pfänder-Studien, edited by H. Spiegelberg and E. Avé-Lallemant. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff (forthcoming)

    Google Scholar 

  • TRILLHAAS, WOLFGANG, Alexander Pfänder. In Memoriam. Erlangen, 1942

    Google Scholar 

Articles

  • RICOEUR, PAUL, “Phänomenologie des Wollens und Ordinary Language Approach” Die Münchener Phänomenologie, pp. 105–24

    Google Scholar 

  • SPIEGELBERG, H. “Neues Licht auf die Beziehungen zwischen Husserl und Pfänder” Tijdschrift voor Filosofie 36 (1974), 565–73

    Google Scholar 

  • TRILLHAAS, WOLFGANG, “Selbst leibhaftig gegeben”. Reflexion einer phänomenologischen Formel nach Alexander Pfänder. Die Münchener Phänomenologie, pp. 8–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Most complete Bibliography in Cchuhmann, Karl, Husserl über Pfänder pp. 196–207, updated in Pfänder-Studien (forthcoming).

    Google Scholar 

Major Writings

  • Wesen und Wert, Grundlegung einer Philosophie des Daseins (1925)

    Google Scholar 

  • Psychologie. Wesen und Wirklichkeit der Seele (1938)

    Google Scholar 

  • “The Proper Object of Psychology”, PPR XIII (1953), 285–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck’s papers are now deposited and catalogued in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. See Die Nachlässe der Münchener Phünomenologen, pp. 181–190

    Google Scholar 

Major Writings

  • “Zur Ontologie der sozialen Gemeinschaften,” JPPF VI (1923), 1–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Phänomenologie der Mystik (1923; second revised edition 1955)

    Google Scholar 

  • “A Plea for the Introduction of Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenological Method into Parapsychology.” Proceedings of the International Conference of Parapsychology, Utrecht (July-August, 1953)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zum anderen Ufer (1960). An autobiography, in which the sections on Freiburg and Munich phenomenology are of particular interest.

    Google Scholar 

Writings with phenomenological inport

  • “Über das Wesen der Idee,” JPPF XI (1930), 1–238

    Google Scholar 

  • “Sinn und Recht der Begründung in der axiologischen und praktischen Philosophie,” Neue Münchener Philosophische Abhandlungen. Pfänder Festschrift (1933), pp. 100–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Antirelativismus. Kritik des Relativismus und Skeptizismus der Werte und des Sollens (1935)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gesetz und Sittengesetz. Vorstudien zu einer gesetzesfreien Ethik (1935)

    Google Scholar 

  • The Essentials of the Phenomenological Method. Separate edition of Part V of this book with a special preface (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • The Context of the Phenomenological Movement. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1981. Companion volume to the present work, containing comparative studies and historical explorations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Most of my general phenomenological pieces have now been integrated into a book under the title Doing Phenomenology. Essays On and In Phenomenology (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • For a more comprehensive bibliography with additional explanations see part III of Phenomenological Perspectives, ed. P. J. Bossert (1975) (“Apologia pro Bibliographia Mea”).

    Google Scholar 

Bibliography

  • Untersuchungen über das Wesen der philosophischen Erkenntnis, Dissertation, Munich University. Münster i.W.: Aschendorff, 1931.

    Google Scholar 

  • Der Mensch in der Geschichte. Versuch einer philosophisch-anthropologischen Geschichtsbetrachtung. Munich: Kurt Desch, 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Über das Wesen der geschichtsbildenden Idee.” In Natur, Geist, Geschichte. Festschrift für Aloys Wenzl, ed. by Josef Hanslmeier. München-Pasing: Filser, 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Über das Wesen der phänomenologischen Psychologie.” In Lexikon der Pädagogik in 3 Bünden. Bern: Francke, 1951, vol. II, pp. 387–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Systematische Anthropologie. Strukturgesetze der menschlichen Seinsverwirklichung. Munich: Hueber, 1957; 2nd revised edition.

    Google Scholar 

Major Writings

  • Gesammelte Schriften (1921) (G.S.) Posthumous edition with introduction by Hedwig Conrad-Martius; includes fragments from his philosophy of religion.

    Google Scholar 

  • English translation: “What is Phenomenology” in Philosophical Forum I (1968) by Devers Kelly, and The Personalist I (1969) by Dallas Willard.

    Google Scholar 

Articles on Reinach

  • HUSSERL, EDMUND, “Adolf Reinach,” Kantstudien XXIII (1919), 147–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • VON BAEYER, ALEXANDER, Adolf Reinachs Phänomenologie. Bern Dissertation, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

Studies in English

  • OESTERREICHER, JOHN M., Walls are Crumbling. New York: Devin-Adair, 1952, pp. 99–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • For a collection of Reinach materials, see E. Avé-Lallemant, Die Nachlässe der Münchener Phänomenologen pp. 171–180.

    Google Scholar 

Major Works

  • “Bemerkungen zur Psychologie der Gefühlselemente und Gefühlsverbindungen,”

    Google Scholar 

  • Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie IV (1904), 233–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Methodologische und experimentelle Beiträge zur Quantitätslehre” in Lipps, Th., ed., Psychologische Untersuchungen I (1907), pp. 325–522.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Über das Wesen und die Bedeutung der Einfühlung” Bericht über den IV. Kongress für experimentelle Psychologie (1911), 1–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Zum Problem der Stimmungseinfühlung,” Zeitschrift für Ästhetik VI (1911), 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Das Bewusstsein von Gefühlen,” Münchener Philosophische Abhandlungen (1911), pp. 125–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Beiträge zur Phänomenologie des ästhetischen Genusses,” JPPF I (1913), 567–684. “Das Unbewusste und die psychische Realität,” Ibid., IV (1921), 1–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Die philosophische Bedeutung der Relativitätstheorie. Lecture (1921).

    Google Scholar 

  • Systematische Axiomatik der Euklidischen Geometrie (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • “The Philosophical Attitudes and the Problems of Essence and Subsistence,” Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Philosophy (Harvard, 1927), 272–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zugänge zur Ästhetik (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Die Wirklichkeit der Wissenschaften und die Metaphysik (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • “Alexander Pfänders methodische Stellung,” Neue Münchener Philosophische Abhandlungen (1930), pp. 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

Posthumous Publication

  • Die Bedeutung der Kunst. Zugänge zu einer materialen Wertästhetik. Gesammelte, aus dem Nachlass ergänzte Schriften, ed. Klaus Berger and Wolfhart Henckmann. Munich: Wilhelm Fink, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

Studies on Geiger

  • LISTOWELL, EARL OF. A Critical History of Modern Aesthethics. London: Allen, 1933, pp. 83–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • MéTRAUX, ALEXANDRE, “Zur phänomenologischen Ästhetik Moritz Geigers”, Studio philosophica (1969), 68–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • MéTRAUX, ALEXANDRE, “Edmund Husserl und Moritz Geiger”, Die Münchener Phänomenologie, pp. 139–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geiger’s philosophical papers are now deposited in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich; see E. Avé-Lallemant, Die Nachlässe der Münchener Phünomeno-logen, pp. 139–57.

    Google Scholar 

Major Works

  • Die erkenntnisth?oretischen Grundlagen des Positivismus, Bergzabern, 1920 (private print).

    Google Scholar 

  • “Zur Ontologie und Erscheinungslehre der realen Aussenwelt” in JPPF 3, Halle, 1916.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metaphysische Gespräche, Halle, 1921.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Realontologie” in JPPF 6 (1923); special printing Halle, 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Farben” in: Husserl-Festschrift, Halle, 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ursprung und Aufbau des lebendigen Kosmos, Salzburg 1938 (2nd ed. Abstammungslehre, Munich, 1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Der Selbstaufbau der Natur, Hamburg, 1944 (2nd ed. Munich 1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Naturwissenschaftlich-metaphysische Perspektiven, Hamburg and Heidelberg, 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bios und Psyche, Hamburg, 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Die Zeit, Munich, 1954 (Spanish translation Madrid, 1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Utopien der Menschenzüchtung, Munich, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das Sein, Munich, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Der Raum, Munich, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Die Geistseele des Menschen, Munich, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schriften zur Philosophie Band I–III, Munich 1963–1965 (ed. by E. Avé-Lallemant).

    Google Scholar 

English translation

  • “Phenomenology and Speculation” Philosophy Today III (1959), 43–51 (from “Schriften zur Philosophie” vol. III).

    Google Scholar 

Bibliography

  • Complete bibliography in Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung XXX, 2 (1977), 301–309.

    Google Scholar 

List of Unpublished Papers

  • AVé-LALLEMANT, EBERHARD, Die Nachlässe der Münchener Phänomenologen in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, Wiesbaden, 1975, pp. 191–256.

    Google Scholar 

Studies on Conrad-Martius

  • AVé-LALLEMANT, EBERHARD, Der kategoriale Ort des Seelischen in der Naturwirklichkeit (Dissertation). Munich, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • AVé-LALLEMANT, EBERHARD, “Conrad-Martius y la filosofia de la naturaleza”, Atlantida IV/20 (1965), 196–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • AVé-LALLEMANT, EBERHARD, “Die Antithese Freiburg — München in der Geschichte der Phänomenologie” Die Münchener Phänomenologie (Phaenomenologica 65). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1976, pp. 19–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • AVé-LALLEMANT, URSULA, “Hedwig Conrad-Martius”, Jahrbuch (ed. by Evangelische Akademie Tutzing) XV (1965/66), 203–212 (on biography).

    Google Scholar 

  • BEHLER, WOLFGANG, Realität und Ek-sistenz (Dissertation). Munich, 1956 (Conrad-Martius and Heidegger).

    Google Scholar 

  • HABBEL, IRMINGARD, Die Sachverhaltsproblematik in der Phänomenologie und bei Thomas von Aquin. Regensburg, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • HART, JAMES G., Hedwig Conrad-Martius’ Ontological Phenomenology (Dissertation). Divinity School, University of Chicago, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • HERING, JEAN, “Das Problem des Seins bei Hedwig Conrad-Martius”, Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung XIII/3 (1959), 463–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • KRINGS, HERMANN, “Zeit und Sein. Bemerkungen zu einem wichtigen Buch,” Hochland XL VII/2(1954), 178–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHMüCKER, FRANZ GEORG, Phänomenologie als Methode der Wesenserkenntnis (Dissertation). Munich, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  • VRANA, CARLO, La costituzione ontica degli organismi nel pensiero di H. Conrad-Martius (Dissertation). Rome, Pontificia Universitá Lateranense, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • VRANA, CARLO “Filosofia della natura vivente”, Filosofia e vita IV/1 (1963), 54–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Also contributions to Festschrift für Hedwig Conrad-Martius (Philosophisches Jahrbuch der Görres-Gesellschaft, LXVI). Munich, 1958 (especially articles by F. G. Schmücker, F. J. J. Buytendijk, Jean Wahl, H. Sedlmayr).

    Google Scholar 

Major Works

  • “Über die Gefahr einer Petitio Principii in der Erkenntnistheorie” in JPPF IV (1921).

    Google Scholar 

  • “Intuition und Intellekt bei Henri Bergson” in JPPF V (1922).

    Google Scholar 

  • “Essentiale Fragen” in JPPF VII (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Über die Stellung der Erkentn is théorie im System der Philosophie (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • “Bemerkungen zum Problem Idealismus-Realismus” in JPPF Ergänzungsband (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  • Das literarische Kunstwerk (1931). Translations: Polish (1960); Italian (1968); English (1973) by G. G. Grabowicz; Portuguese (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Szkice zfilozofii literatury (Essays in the Philosophy of Literature) (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Studia z estetyki (Studies in Aesthetics) 3 volumes (1957, 1958, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Untersuchungen zur Ontologie der Kunst (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Z badań nad filozofią współczesną (Investigations on Contemporary Philosophy) (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Der Streit um die Existenz der Welt, vol. 1 Existenzialontologie (1964), vol. 2, part I Formalontologie: Form und Wesen (1965), vol. 2 part 2 Formalontologie: Welt und Bewusstsein (1965), vol. 3 Ueber die kausale Struktur der realen Welt (1974). Polish version of vol. 1 and 2 (1947/48). English translation of part of volume 1 under the title Time and Modes of Being (1964) by H. R. Michejda.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vom Erkennen des literarischen Kunstwerkes (1968). Earlier Polish version (1937). Translations: Czech (1967); English The Cognition of the Literary Work of Art (1973) by R. A. Crowley and K. R. Olson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erlebnis, Kunstwerk und Wert (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ueber die Verantwortung (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • U podstaw teorii poznania (On the Foundations of Epistemology) (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Z teorii języka i fdozoficznych podstaw logiki (On the Theory of Language and the Philosophical Foundation of Logic) (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ksiqzeczka o człowieku (Little Book about Man) (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wstęp do fenomenologii Husserla (Introduction to the Phenomenology of Husserl). Polish translations of lectures given in German at the University of Oslo in 1967 (1974). Norwegian translation (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • On the Motives which Led Husserl to Transcendental Idealism (1975). Phaenomenologica vol. 64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gegenstand und Aufgaben der Literaturwissenschaft (1976)

    Google Scholar 

Studies on Ingarden

  • TYMIENIECKA, ANNA-TERESA, Essence et existence. Etude à propos de la philosophie de Roman Ingarden et Nicolai Hartmann (Paris, 1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Szkice filozoficzne Romanowi Ingardenowi w darze (Ingarden Festschrift) Warsaw-Cracow, 1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenomenologia Romana Ingardena (Warsaw, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHOPFER, WERNER, Das Seiende und der Gegenstand. Zur Ontologie Roman Ingardens (Munich, 1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roman Ingarden and Contemporary Polish Aesthetics, essays edited by P. Graff and S. Krzemien-Ojak (Warsaw, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • GIERULANKA, DANUTA, “The philosophic work of Roman Ingarden: a systematic outline” Dialectics and Humanism, 1977, no. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • See also articles in Analecta Husserliana, Dialectics and Humanism: The Polish Philosophical Quarterly (especially vol. 2 no. 2, Spring 1975), JBSP (especially vol. 6 no. 2, May 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • A complete bibliography of the works of Ingarden until 1971 (242 items) is given by A. Pöłtawski “Bibliografia prac filozoficznych Romana Ingardena 1915–1971” pp. 19–54 in Fenomenologia Romana Ingardena (Warsaw, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

Writings

Writings

  • Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie XV (1914), 83 ff.

    Google Scholar 

  • See Röhrs, Hermann, Die Pädagogik Aloys Fischers. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

Writings

  • “Sprachphilosopische Untersuchungen” Part I in Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie XIX (1910), 395–474.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Über Wahrnehmung und Vorstellung,” Münchener Philosophische Abhandlungen (1911), 51–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zur Wesenslehre des psychischen Lebens und Erlebens (Phaenomenologica 26) 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • See also E. Avé-Lallemant, Die Nachlässe der Münchener Phänomenologen, pp. 159–170.

    Google Scholar 

Writings

Writings

  • Absolute Stellungnahmen. Eine ontologische Untersuchung über das Wesen der Religion (1925). Reprinted New York: Garland, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das Wesen der Nation (1934). “Charismatische Persönlichkeitseinungen” in Neue Münchener Philosophische Abhandlungen (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heimat als Grundlage menschlicher Existenz (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Person und Persönlichkeit. Untersuchungen zur Anthropologie und Ethik; edited by Harald Delius (1957). Contains also a complete bibliography of Stavenhagen’s publications.

    Google Scholar 

Writings

  • “Die Idee der sittlichen Handlung,” JPPF III (1916), 126–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Sittlichkeit und ethische Werterkenntnis,”JPPF V (1922), 462–602.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metaphysik der Gemeinschaft (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Der Sinn philosophischen Fragens und Erkennens (Bonn, 1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sittliche Grundhaltungen (1933); translated as Fundamental Moral Attitudes (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Christian Ethics (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Graven Images: Substitutes for True Morality (1957). See especially the second essay (“Substitutes and Other Moral Deformations”) with further studies on value blindness.

    Google Scholar 

  • An edition of von Hildebrand’s Gesammelte Werke in German (Regensburg: Habbel, 1971) thus far does not include all his older German works but a number of new ones.

    Google Scholar 

  • For a complete bibliography up to 1960 see Baldwin Schwarz, ed., The Human Person and the World of Values (1960) pp. 195–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • A comprehensive account of von Hildebrand’s work has been given by the same author in Thought XXIV (1949) 655–76. Schwarz, his main disciple, is also the author of a thorough study of the problem of error.100

    Google Scholar 

Writings

Writings

  • “Bemerkungen über das Wesen, die Wesenheit und die Idee,” JPPF IV (1921), 495–543.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phénoménologie et philosophie religieuse. Études d’histoire et de philosophie religieuse. Strasbourg, 1925.

    Google Scholar 

Writings

  • Zum Problem der Einfühlung (1917); translated by Waltraut Stein. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Beiträge zur philosophischen Begründung der Psychologie und der Geisteswissenschaften” (I. Psychische Kausalität, II. Individuum und Gemeinschaft), JPPF V (1922), 1–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Eine Untersuchung über den Staat,” JPPF, VII (1925), 1–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Endliches und ewiges Sein: Versuch eines Aufstiegs zum Sinn des Seins. Published posthumously in Edith Steins Werke, II (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Welt und Person VI (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aus dem Leben einer jüdischen Familie: Das Leben Edith Steins: Kindheit und Jugend. Freiburg: Herder, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werke, ed. L. Gelber und Romaeus Leuven. Louvain: Nauwelaerts, 1954 ff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Writings of E.S. Selected, translated, and introduced by Hilde Graef. Westminster, Md.: Newman Press, 1956 — Only the last section (IV) deals with her philosophical writings. Good

    Google Scholar 

Article in English

  • COLLINS, JAMES, “Edith Stein and the Advance of Phenomenology.” Thought XVII (1942), 685–708.

    Google Scholar 

Writings

  • “Bemerkungen zu den Zenonischen Paradoxien,” JPPF V (1922) 603–628.

    Google Scholar 

  • La philosophie de Jacob Boehme (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  • Études galiléennes (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Complete bibliography in Mélanges Alexandre Koyré. L’aventure des sciences, Paris, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

Writings

  • Der Weg der Phänomenologie, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phänomenologie und Geschichte, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • See also Landgrebe’s contribution to Philosophie in Selbstdarstellungen. Hamburg: Meiner, 1975, vol. II, pp. 128–69.

    Google Scholar 

Writings

Writings

  • “Beiträge zur phänomenologischen Begründung der Geometrie und ihrer physikalischen Anwendungen,” JPPF VI, 1923.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Mathematische Existenz” JPPF VIII, 1927.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Von der Hinfälligkeit des Schönen und der Abenteuerlichkeit des Künstlers,” Husset Festchrift, 1929

    Google Scholar 

  • Dasein und Dawesen, 1963

    Google Scholar 

  • On Becker’s Phenomenology: Otto Pöggeler, “Hermeneutische und mantisch Phaänomenologies,” Philosophische Rundschau 13 (1965), 1–39.

    Google Scholar 

Writings

  • Das Reich des Schönen. Bausteine zu einer Philosophie der Kunst. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer (1960) with a complete bibliography, pp. 394–396. The epilogue by Hans-Georg Gadamer contains a brief, but particularly helpful and sympathetic account of Kaufmann’s work and development (pp. 397–402).

    Google Scholar 

  • See also his posthumos contribution to Edmind Husserl 1859–1959. The Hague” Martinus Nijhoff, 1959, pp. 40–47.

    Google Scholar 

Writings

Writings

  • Freiheit, Wollen und Aktivität (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  • Das Phänomen des Glaubens. Das Problem seines metaphysischen Gehalts (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Die Grundlagen der Sittlichkeit (1974). Second edition of Pflicht und Neigung (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • “Sinn und Recht der phänomenologischen Methode”, Edmund Husserl 1859–1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Zur Bedeutung der phänomenologischen Methode in Ethik und Rechtsphilosophie”. Festschrift für Gerhart Husserl, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • For a conspectus of Reiner’s work, see: Irene Eberhard, “Das philosophische Werk Hans Reiners”, Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung 25 (1971), 615–618.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bibliography up to 1966 in Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung 21 (1967) 154–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Natanson, Maurice, ed., Phenomenology and Social Reality. Essays in Memory of Alfred Schutz. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1970, pp. 297–306.

    Google Scholar 

Writings

  • Le monde naturel comme problème philosophique. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Die Welt des Menschen — Die Welt der Philosophie: Festschrift für Jan Patocka, edited by Walter Biemel. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

Notes

  1. See Hocking’s “From the Early Days of the ‘Logische Untersuchungen’” in Edmund Husserl 1859–1959. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1959, pp. 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  2. “Der aesthetische Gegenstand” Zeitschrift für Aesthetik und allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft III (1908) 71–118. II ibid. 469–511, IV (1909), 400–455.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Jean Hering, “La phénoménologie d’Edmund Husserl il y a trenteans” in Revue internationale de philosophie I (1939), 336–73, and oral communications.

    Google Scholar 

  4. There survives from those days a little piece of spirited satire on Husserl’s innovations in the form of a “Phänomenologenlied” composed by Alfred von Sybel at the end of the summer term 1907, during which Husserl had first presented his lectures on “The Idea of Phenomenology”; it reveals the sceptical attitude of the group. See Alwin Diemer, Edmund Husserl, p. 38, note.

    Google Scholar 

  5. See Phenomenology in Psychology and Psychiatry, pp. 42–52.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Remarkably, Lipps himself abandoned and rejected this “psychologism” as early as 1903, especially in his treatise on “Inhalt und Gegenstand; Psychologie und Logik” of 1905; in fact, at the International Congress of Psychology in Rome of the same year he denounced William James’s position as Psychologismus. Also, the personal relations between Lipps and Husserl warmed up, leading to personal visits and to Lipps’s nomination of Husserl as a member of the Bavarian Academy and, on Husserl’s side, to intensive study of Lipps’s work, especially with regard to Lipps’s concept of empathy. (See also Iso Kern’s editorial introduction to Husserliana XII, p. XXV–XXVI.)

    Google Scholar 

  7. More information about him can be found in the catalog of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek under Daubertiana. (Die Nachlässe der Münchener Phänomenologen verzeichnet von Eberhard Avé-Lallemant, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1975, pp. 125–38). Under Karl Schuhmann’s supervision a transcription of Daubert’s shorthand manuscripts is in progress.

    Google Scholar 

  8. See Karl Schuhmann, Husserl über Pfänder (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, pp. 20–23); also his Husserl-Chronik, pp. 80–81.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Scheler’s characterization of the Munich Circle in a text made available in the Zusätze to volume VII of his Gesammelte Werke (pp. 327–330) is worth mentioning here in translation, especially about the “strange way of its formation and the even stranger growth of this circle… through growing additions from very specific schools, whose members brought along their own orientations, methods and problems… The core group of the so-called Phenomenology was the school of Theodor Lipps: Pfänder, Reinach, Geiger, whom later I myself joined after transferring my habilitation [from Jena to Munich in 1907]…. Hence not a society formed where Husserl himself taught (Halle, Göttingen, Freiburg) but an [independent] society in Munich.”

    Google Scholar 

  10. Paul Ferdinand Linke (1876–1955) was a figure of the Original Movement whose first independent work, Die phänomenale Sphäre und das reale Bewusststein, appeared as early as 1912. In Volume II of Husserl’s Jahrbuch of 1916 (pp. 649–668), he had an article entitled “Phänomenologie und Experiment in der Frage der Bewegungsauffassung” published. In the second edition (1929) of his Grundfragen der Wahrnehmungslehre, he defined his position within the Movement in an important Postscript. See Reinhold Smid, “‘Münchener Phänomenologie’,” Pfänder-Studien.

    Google Scholar 

  11. In England, since Bosanquet’s review of Pfänder’s contribution to the first volume of the phenomenological yearbook in Mind XXIII (1914), 591 f., only John Laird in his Recent Philosophy (Home University Library, 1936) has paid attention to him, but in a rather misleading context. As to France, Jacques Maritain in his highly critical discussion of phenomenology in Distinguer pour unir ou les degrés de la connaissance (1932; English translation by Bernard Wall, Centenary Press, 1937) refers at least in a footnote (p. 122 of the translation) to the “Munich school, which does not follow Husserl’s neo-idealism, and whose full significance cannot be easily gauged until the work of Alexander Pfänder has been published completely.” Pfänder has made a much stronger impression in Spain and Mexico, perhaps because of Ortega y Gasset’s stimulating interest.

    Google Scholar 

  12. See Karl Schuhmann, Husserl über Pfänder. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1973, pp. 17–26.

    Google Scholar 

  13. See also Husserl’s remark to Hans-Georg Gadamer, who had told him about the demonic impression of Scheler upon him, in consternation: “Oh, it is a good thing that we have not only him but also Pfänder” (Paul Good, ed., Max Scheler im Gegenwartsgeschehen der Philosophie Bern: Francke, 1975, p. 12).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Thus he had already written to Roman Ingarden in a letter of December 24, 1921: “Even Pfänder’s phenomenology is at bottom something essentially different from my own. Since he has never fully understood the problems of constitution, he — though otherwise thoroughly honest and substantial (der übrigens grundehrliche und solide) — is drifting toward a dogmatic metaphysics.” See also Husserl’s letter to Pfänder of January 6, 1931, to appear in Pfänder-Studien edited by H. Spiegelberg, and E. Avé-Lallemant. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  15. See my “Epoché und Reduktion bei Pfänder und Husserl.” Pfänder-Studien, “Neues Licht auf die Beziehungen zwischen Husserl und Pfänder”, Tijdschrift voorFilosoße 36 (1974) 565–573. — See also JBSP IV (1973), 3–15.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Die Nachlässe der Münchener Phänomenologen, pp. 1–39.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Schriften aus dem Nachlass zur Phänomenologie und Ethik, 2 vol. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Einführung in die Psychologie (Leipzig, 1904), p. 42f; my translation.

    Google Scholar 

  19. That Pfänder was also at home in experimental psychology to the extent of constructing experimental apparatus is attested by Wilhelm Wirth in C. Murchison, ed., History of Psychology in Autobiography, Clark University Press III (1936) p. 289.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pfänder’s criticisms of William James should be contrasted with his high admiration for G. F. Stout’s Manual of Psychology expressed in a review for the Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane XXIII (1900), 415–19.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Phänomenologie des Wollens. Eine psychologische Analyse (Leipzig, 1900). The Introduction is translated in A. Pfänder, Phenomenology of Willing and Motivation and Other Phaenomenologica. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1967, pp. 3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  22. See Schriften aus dem Nachlass zur Phänomenologie und Ethik, vol. I: Philosophie auf phänomenologischer Grundlage, ed. H. Spiegelberg, vol. II: Ethik in kurzer Darstellung, ed. Peter Schwankl. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  23. According to Reinhold Smid’s investigations the term phänomenologisch occurs first in Lipp’s Article “Psychische Vorgänge und psychische Kausalität,” Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane 25 (1901), 161–203, submitted on “December 19, 1900.”

    Google Scholar 

  24. Tracing the development of Pfänder’s conception of phenomenology in detail would require a thorough study of the unpublished manuscripts in the Pfänderiana collection, some as early as 1907, distinguishing phenomenology and psychology (A V 3). Of particular interest are texts from the late twenties around the time that Pfänder gave his 1929 lecture on “Epistemology and Phenomenology” in Prague, now published in the Appendix of the posthumous Philosophie auf phänomenologischer Grundlage. They show, among other things, that for Pfänder at this time phenomenology was by no means merely a method of philosophy, but also what he called a “science” dealing on the basis of the epoché with essences, connections of essences, objects and acts of consciousness and their connections, and even with the “constitution” (Aufbau) of these acts and objects (pp. 154–157).

    Google Scholar 

  25. See, especially his vigorous support of the penetrating study of Der phänomenologische Idealismus Husserls by Theodor Celms in Deutsche Literaturzeitung 50 (1929), 2048–2050.

    Google Scholar 

  26. See my “Epoché without Reduction,” JBSP (1975), 260–61.

    Google Scholar 

  27. It should be realized, however, that quite apart from a letter of January 3, 1927 to his friend Alfred Schwenninger, in which Pfänder refused to be classified as either an idealist or a realist, his final manuscripts avoid all such labels conspicuously; see Tijdschrift voor Filosofie 36 (1974), 571–72.

    Google Scholar 

  28. See Philosophie, p. 65.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Translated in Phenomenology of Willing and Motivation, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1967, pp. 12–40.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Pfänder’s stake in pedagogics and particularly the education of the Gesinnungen is attested by substantial manuscripts for eight courses between 1906 and 1914, i.e., the period of preparation for his relevant phenomenological studies (Pfänderiana G.).

    Google Scholar 

  31. JPPF, III, 39 f.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Neue Münchener Philosophische Abhandlungen, ed. E. Heller and F. Löw. Leipzig: J. A. Barth, 1933.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Gesammelte Schriften, p. 122.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Gesammelte Schriften, pp. 6, 171, 397.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Gesammelte Schriften, p. 1 ff.

    Google Scholar 

  36. For the distinction between ontologically and logically analytic and synthetic knowledge, see also Pfänder, Logik, pp. 192 ff. (3rd ed.).

    Google Scholar 

  37. At least a fragment of his rather original, though relatively unpretentious conception has survived. See “An Introduction to Existential Philosophy” PPR III (1943), 255–78.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Zugänge zur Ästhetik, p. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Letter to Roman Ingarden, December 24, 1921.

    Google Scholar 

  40. See E. G. Boring, A History of Experimental Psychology, pp. 339, 642.

    Google Scholar 

  41. This was a version of phenomenology advocated particularly by Paul F. Linke (1876–1955); see especially Philosophische Hefte 2 (1930), 65–90.

    Google Scholar 

  42. See my “Neues Licht auf die Beziehungen zwischen Husserl und Pfänder” Tijdschrift voor Filosofie 36 (1974), pp. 572–3.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Die Wirklichkeit der Wissenschaften und die Metaphysik. — See also his English paper “The Philosophical Attitudes and the Problems of Essence and Subsistence,” read at the Sixth International Congress of Philosophy at Harvard in 1927.

    Google Scholar 

  44. For a more recent phenomenological attack on these problems see my article on “Critical Phenomenological Realism” in PPR I (1940), 154–76, now incorporated in Doing Phenomenology (1975), pp. 149–163.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Beiträge zur Phänomenologie des ästhetischen Genusses, p. 61.

    Google Scholar 

  46. A later attempt to distinguish such meanings of “depth” may be found in Dietrich von Hildebrand’s treatise on “Sittlichkeit und ethische Werterkenntnis” Part III, JPPF V (1922), 524 ff.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Now collected in Schriften zur Philosophie, edited by E. Avé-Lallemant. 3 vols. Munich, 1963–65.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Op. cit. III, p. 335, 375 f.

    Google Scholar 

  49. The eidos in its independence with regard to all determination by the subject is designated as Wesenheit, whereas it is conceived as Urphänomen in its relation to the subject mediated by Ideen (in ideation). (“Die Idee ist das gegenständlich für sich gesetzte Wesen irgendeiner Sache.” “Durch das gegenständliche Transparent dieser Idee hindurch erfasse ich… die Wesenheit” Das Sein, p. 49, 85).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Schriften I, p. 36.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Realontologie § 1.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Das Sein, p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Schriften III, p. 325.

    Google Scholar 

  54. This means that one can speak of a physical outer space as well as of an inner psychical one (Bios und Psyche, p. 106 ff.).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Metaphysik des Irdischen. Unpublished manuscript (Nachlass A VII 5), p. 12.

    Google Scholar 

  56. “So behandle ich den liebsten und getreuesten meiner alten Schüler — neben dem mir eigentlich nur Jean Hering gleich nahe steht.” Letter from Dec. 2, 1929 in Husserl, Briefe an Roman Ingarden. Mit Erläuterungen und Erinnerungen an Husserl herausgegeben von Roman Ingarden. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1968, p. 55.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Cf. Husserl, Briefe… Unfortunately Ingarden’s replies were destroyed during World War II, except for the item mentioned in note 63 below.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Cf. Husserl, Briefe…, p. 55, p. 62; cf. also p. 72, p. 102. Husserl appreciated especially the precision of Ingarden’s distinctions, the thoroughness of his work (“die Präzision der Unterscheidungen”, “ausserordentlich fein durchgearbeitet”). Notice that the fact that the 1929 paper was about the realism—idealism controversy did not prevent Husserl’s praising it.

    Google Scholar 

  59. A draft of this letter has been published in Analecta Husserliana vol. 2 (1972), 357–374. Cf. also Ingarden’s explanations in Husserl, Briefe…, pp. 140–141.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Cf. Husserl, Briefe…, pp. 63–64, 73; for Ingarden’s exposition of the point at issue see ibid., pp. 165–167, and Ingarden, Wstęp do filozofli Husserla, Warsaw, 1974, p. 164. See also p. 263 note 78 and p. 264 note 86. Ingarden’s remarks to the Cartesian Meditations have in part been published in Husserliana I.

    Google Scholar 

  61. His Ph.D. dissertation was Idee und Perception. Eine erkenntnistheoretische Untersuchung aus Descartes, Vienna, 1892, his Habilitationsschrift Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen, Vienna, 1894 published in English under the title On the Content and Object of Presentations. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1977. (The manuscript of a review by Husserl of Zur Lehre… has been preserved in the Husserl Archives; it did not get published because the editor of the Archiv für systematische Philosophie, Paul Natorp, had himself written a review of the same work. See Husserliana XXII.) A complete bibliography of the published works of Twardowski (363 items) by Daniela Gromska can be found in Twardowski Wybrane pisma fllozoficzne (Selected Philosophical Writings), Warsaw, 1965, pp. XIII - XXXVI.

    Google Scholar 

  62. But e.g. T. Kotarbiftski agreed with the “reistic” position of the later Brentano.

    Google Scholar 

  63. The underlining is mine. Cf. “Dązenia fenomenologów” (The aims of the phe-nomenologists) Przeglgd Filozoficzny 22 (1919), pp. 118–156, 315–351; reprinted in R. Ingarden Z badań nadfilozofig współczesng, Warsaw, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  64. “Der logistische Versuch einer Neugestaltung der Philosophie. Eine kritische Bemerkung” Actes du 8e Congrès International de Philosophie à Prague, 2–7 Septembre 1934, Prague, 1936, pp. 203–208; enlarged version “L’essai logistique d’une refonte de la philosophie” Revue Philosophique 60 (1935), pp. 137–159. “Glowne tendencje neopozytiwizmu” (The main tendencies of neopositivism) Marchoff 2 (1935/36), pp. 264–278. Both papers are reprinted in Polish in Ingarden Zbadah…

    Google Scholar 

  65. An exception was Leopold Blaustein (1905–1944) who in 1925, upon recommendation by Ingarden and K. Ajdukiewicz, studied with Husserl in Freiburg and who wrote a Ph.D. dissertation with Twardowski in Lvov: “Husserlowska nauka: o akcie, trésci i przedmiocie przedstawienia” (Husserlian science: on the act, content and object of representations) Archiwum Towarzystwa Naukowego we Lwowie, wydzial II historyczno-filozoficzny, torn 4, zeszyt 3, Lvov, 1928, 95 pp. He made contributions to descriptive psychology and aesthetics and he was a pioneer of the description of the psychological reception of motion pictures and radio programs. His works include Przedstawienia imaginatywne (Representations of Imagination). Lvov, 1930; Przedstawienia schematyczne i symboliczne (Schematic and Symbolic Representations). Lvov, 1931; “O zasadach psychologii humanistyczne” (On the principles of humanistic psychology) Przeglgd Filozoficzny, 1935; “Przyczynek do psychologii widza kinowego” (Contribution to the psychology of the spectator of motion pictures) Przeglad Psychologiczny, 1938; O ujmowaniu przedmiotôw estetycznych (On the reception of aesthetic objects), Lvov, 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  66. “Marxist critique of phenomenology and the philosophy of Roman Ingarden” an international conference, organized by Dialectics and Humanism: The Polish Philosophical Quarterly under the auspices of the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, in Jadwisin, June 19–22, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  67. A good account of the influence of The Literary Work of Art has been given by G. G. Grabowicz in his “Translator’s introduction” to the English edition. Northwestern University Press, 1973, pp. LXI–LXX.

    Google Scholar 

  68. “Was wir über die Werte nicht wissen” and other articles in Erlebnis, Kunstwerk und Wert. Tübingen: M. Niemeyer; 1969; “Remarks concerning the relativity of values” JBSP 6 (1975), 102–108; Ueber die Verantwortung. Stuttgart: Reclam, 1970; Książeczka o człowieku (Little Book about Man). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2nd ed., 1973, cf. J. Makota “Roman Ingarden’s philosophy of man” JBSP 6(1975), 126–130.

    Google Scholar 

  69. “Essentiale Fragen. Ein Beitrag zum Problem des Wesens,” JPPF 7 (1925), pp. 125–304. This work has been reviewed by G. Ryle in Mind 36 (1927), 366–370. Cf. Ingarden in Husserl Briefe… p. 115: “Ich war also ganz begeistert, als ich von Husserl hörte, dass man der Philosophie eine Wesensforschung zur Aufgabe zu stellen hätte.”

    Google Scholar 

  70. Cf. Z badan… p. 358.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Cf. “Bemerkungen zum Problem Idealismus—Realismus” JPPF Ergänzungsband (1929), pp. 159–190, esp. p. 162.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Husserl wrote in the margin of his copy of Ingarden’s “Bemerkungen…”, p. 162: “Wie früher in meinen Vorlesungen”. Cf. also the note which Husserl later wrote on the manuscript of his lectures on Urteilstheorie from 1905 (ms. F I 27): “Hier ist Phänomenologie noch allgemeine Wesenslehre des Bewusstseins.”

    Google Scholar 

  73. Cf. Husserl (etwa 1924): “… dass überhaupt ein reales und ideales Sein, das die totale transzendentale Subjektivität überschreitet, ein Widersinn ist und als das absolut einzusehen ist.… Alle philosophischen Ontologien sind transzendentalidealistische Ontotogien.” Husserliana WW, p. 482. — Husserl himself had said that the phenomenology of the noematic object provided a “guiding thread” for the noetic phenomenology of the acts (cf. e.g., Husserliana V, p. 159), but as we shall stress below, Ingarden’s ontology is not noematic phenomenology. In the Cartesian Meditations Husserl says of the unreduced ontology that it serves as a “guiding thread” for the transcendental investigation, but this is still not Ingarden’s position, because Husserl insists immediately that the transcendental investigation will disclose something “entirely new”, i.e., that it will change the very meaning of the statements of unreduced ontology (cf. Husserliana I, pp. 165–166). — See also p. 261 note 64 and p. 264 note 86.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Cf. Ingarden “Intuition und Intellekt bei Henri Bergson” JPPF 5 (1922), p. 396 note, p. 431 ff. (Zbadan… p. 121 pp. 159 ff); “Bemerkungen…”, p. 183; Der Streit um die Existenz der Welt vol. 1 Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1964, p. 5, where transcendental idealism is characterized as a hybrid between metaphysical and epistemological idealism. — The three-fold division can already be found in the letter from 1918 (cf. Analecta Husserliana vol. 2, p. 360), but its most extensive discussion is given in Ueber die Stellung der Erkenntnistheorie im System der Philosophie. Halle: Niemeyer, 1925. See also G. Küng “Zum Lebenswerk von Roman Ingarden: Ontologie, Erkenntnistheorie und Metaphysik” in H. Kuhn, E. Avé-Lallemant and R. Gladiator, eds., Die Münchener Phänomenologie (Phaenomenologica 65). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff 1976, pp. 158–173.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Der Streit… vol. 1, p. 48, p. 31, p. 33. In distinction to physics and other sciences metaphysics is concerned with an understanding of the essential nature of what is in fact the case, and it tries to arrive at an ultimate explanation of its why.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Cf. E. Swiderski “Some salient features of Ingarden’s ontology” JBSP 6 (1975), 81–90.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Der Streit… vol. 1, p. 33. I write “Idea” with a capital letter in order to distinguish Ingarden’s technical term from the ways the word is normally used.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Cf. Z teorii jezyka i filozoficznych pods taw logiki. Warsaw, 1972, p. 116.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Cf. “Bemerkungen zum Problem der Begründung” Studio Logica 13 (1962), 153–176; Z badań… p. 189; The Literary Work of Art. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973, p. 159 where Ingarden speaks of “the structure of the concreteness;” Ingarden “On the ontology of relations” JBSP 6 (1975), 78 where Ingarden speaks of the primary and genuine form of a relation which, strictly speaking, cannot be expressed.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Cf. G. Küng “The role of language in phenomenological analysis” American Philosophical Quarterly 6 (1969), 330–334.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Cf. Ingarden “Ueber den transzendentalen Idealismus bei E. Husserl” in Husserl et la pensée moderne. Actes du deuxième Colloque International de Phénoménologie, Krefeld, 1–3 novembre 1956 (Phaenomenologica 2). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1959, pp. 190–204; and Ingarden On the Motives which led Husserl to Transcendental Idealism (Phaenomenologica 64). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1975. — It is quite controversial in what sense Husserl is to be regarded as a transcendental idealist. He himself had stressed that his philosophy had nothing to do with the idealistic position as it is traditionally understood (Husserl, Briefe… p. 73). Many interpreters agree with this self-appraisal of Husserl and go on to claim that in phenomenology the opposition of idealism vs. realism disappears. This claim can take two forms: (a) it is stressed that Husserl did not deny the contingent facticity of the real world (cf. the Husserl texts cited in I. Kern, Husserl und Kant (Phaenomenologica 16). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff 1964, pp. 293–303; notice however that Kern does not deny that Husserl was an idealist, cf. below); (b) it is stressed that according to Husserl it is only the sense (the noema) of the real world which is said to be a product of consciousness. I would however remark: (ad a) this merely proves that Husserl was never an objective idealist in the Hegelian sense according to which world history would follow necessarily from the laws of dialectics, but it does not prove that Husserl accepted an autonomously existing real world in the realist’s sense (after all Berkeley, the subjective idealist, too, did accept the facticity of the real world); (ad b) as a matter of fact Husserl made the additional claim that the notion of something beyond this sense is nonsensical (widersinnig) (cf. Kern, op. cit., pp. 276–283; Husserl Ideen I 2. A. p. 117; Husserl (ca. 1924) in Husserliana vol. 8 p. 482), and it is precisely this additional claim which has never been accepted by the realists. — See also p. 261 note 64 and p. 263 note 78.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Cf. Ingarden in Husserl, Briefe… pp. 123–131. According to Wstep… p. 165 Ingarden tried this approach until 1922, according Der Streit… vol. 1 p. VII until 1923. — Notice that there seems to be a connection between this insistence on the status of the Empfindungen and Ingarden’s conviction that the qualitative material determines what ontological form it can take: if the objectivity of the Empfindungen is accepted and if it is agreed that the categorial form is determined by the qualitative material, then the objectivity of the real world as we experience it would seem to be established.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Der Streit um die Existenz der Welt vol. I, vol. II/1, vol. II/2, vol. III. See the bibliography.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Ingarden initially distinguished nine different concepts of form and matter, with further subdivisions. Cf. Der Streit… vol. II/1, pp. 27–29.

    Google Scholar 

  85. In the controversy between idealism and realism it is the exact nature of the relations of dependence or independence holding between consciousness and the world that is at issue. It was therefore logical to start with an elaboration of existential ontology. Ingarden found four primary types of dependence or independence, and investigating which of their logically possible combinations were not apriori nonsensical, he arrived at a basic map of the idealism-realism controversy which can exactly differentiate between no less than fifteen apriori possible positions (cf. Der Streit… vol. 1, pp. 187–188). Investigations of further existential moments characteristic of the existence in time and the investigations in formal ontology indicated possible directions which a reduction of the number of acceptable positions might take, but their implementation presupposes already metaphysical evaluations of what is in fact the nature of consciousness and of the real world.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Der Streit… vol. I p. 104 and vol. III.

    Google Scholar 

  87. But cf. E. Holenstein, Roman Jakobson’s Approach to Language: Phenomenologicat Structuralism, Indiana University Press, 1976, concerning the influence of Husserl on Jakobson.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Ingarden continues here the work of Husserl and Pfänder. Cf. not only ch. 5 of The Literary Work of Art, but also the as yet untranslated volume Z teorii języka i filozoficznych podstaw logiki (On the theory of language and the philosophical foundations of logic), Warsaw, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Cf. A. Szczepanska “Perspectives of the axiological investigations of the work of Roman Ingarden” JBSP 6(1915), 116–125, esp. p. 123.

    Google Scholar 

  90. This has some similarity with the existentialist notion of the limit situation (Grenzsituation).

    Google Scholar 

  91. See “Erinnerungen an Husserl”, Edmund Husserl 1859–1959, pp. 11–28.

    Google Scholar 

  92. The most explicit discussion of this sense can be found in Der Sinn philosophischen Fragens und Erkennens (1950) pp. 89–91.

    Google Scholar 

  93. See his important contribution to Ludwig Pongratz ed., Philosophie in Selbstdarstellungen. Hamburg: Meiner, 1975, vol. II, 77–127, esp. p. 109.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Der Irrtum in der Philosophie. Münster, 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  95. “Husserls Phänomenologie und die Philosophie des hl. Thomas von Aquino,” Husserl Festschrift, p. 329.

    Google Scholar 

  96. See Jean Hering, “Phenomenology in France,” in Farber, Marvin, ed., Philosophy in France and the United States (University of Buffalo Publications, 1950), pp. 70–72.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Personal letter of December 10, 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Zum anderen Ufer. Remagen: Der Leuchter, 1960, p. 213.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Philosophie in Selbstdarstellungen. Hamburg: Meiner, 1975, vol. II, 136.

    Google Scholar 

  100. “For a long time I did not succeed in putting Husserl’s phenomenology and Heidegger’s thought into the right relation. I wavered back and forth between the two without finding a firm foundation.” Ibid. II, 134, 135.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Pfänder’s plan of a Festschrift for HusserPs sixtieth birthday in 1919 led only to dedications of individual contributions in the Jahrbuch.

    Google Scholar 

  102. “Husserls Abschied vom Cartesianismus,” Philosophische Rundschau 9 (1962), 133–176; translated in R. O. Elveton, ed. The Philosophy of Husserl. Chicago: Quadrangle Club, 1970, pp. 259–306.

    Google Scholar 

  103. “Die phänomenologische Philosophie Edmund HusserPs in der gegenwärtigen Kritik” Kantstudien 38 (1933), 313–83, transi, in R. O. Elveton, op. cit. pp. 73–147.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Phänomenologie und Metaphysik. Hamburg, 1948, p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Problèmes actuels de la phénoménologie. Paris, 1951, p. 54.

    Google Scholar 

  106. See also his expository essay on “Die Philosophie Edmund Husserls,” Kantstudien 35 (1930), 119–150, transi, in R. O. Elveton, op. cit. pp. 40–72.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Die Grundlagen der Sittlichkeit. Meisenheim: Hain, 1974 (Second edition of Pflicht und Neigung, 1951), p. 158 note 26.

    Google Scholar 

  108. See Lester E. Embree, “Biographical Sketch” in Life-World and Consciousness. Essays for Aron Gurwitsch. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1972, pp. XVII-XXX.

    Google Scholar 

  109. “Phänomenologie der Thematik und des reinen Ich,” Psychologische Forschung XII (1929), 19–381.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Die mitmenschlichen Beziehungen in der Milieuwelt, edited posthumously with a helpful preface by Alexandre Métraux. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1977. Translated by Fred Kersten as Human Encounters in the Social World. Duquesne University Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  111. See “Signature” in Difficile Liberté 1963, p. 323; “La ruine de la représentation,” Edmund Husserl 1859–1959, pp. 73–86.

    Google Scholar 

  112. See W. R. Boyce Gibson, “From Husserl to Heidegger. Excerpts from a 1928 Freiburg Diary” JBSP II (1971), 58–82.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Der phänomenologische Idealismus Husserls. Riga: Acta Universitatis Latviensis, 1928.

    Google Scholar 

  114. See my “On the Misfortunes of Edmund Husserl’s Encyclopaedia Britannica article ‘Phenomenology,’”(1972) now in The Context of the Phenomenological Movement, pp. 162–165.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Felix Kaufmann’s papers and voluminous correspondences are for the moment at Waterloo, Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  116. “phenomenology and Logical Empiricism” in Farber, M. ed., Philosophical Essays in Memory of Edmund Husserl, pp. 124–42.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Methodology of the Social Sciences, 1944.

    Google Scholar 

  118. “Strata of Experience” PPR I (1941), 313–24.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt. Vienna, 1932; translated as The Phenomenology of the Social World (Evanston, 1967) by George Walsh and Frederick Lehnert.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Herbert Spiegelberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Spiegelberg, H. (1994). The Original Phenomenological Movement. In: The Phenomenological Movement. Phaenomenologica, vol 5/6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7491-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7491-3_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-247-2535-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-7491-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation