Abstract
The main objective of this report is to point out how architectural and research traditions interact in the development of “modern architecture” in the (western) industrialized world. Although I will take my examples mainly from the Swedish context, a few will be from other countries. In my presentation I will exclude “representational buildings” like churches, opera houses etc., because they are more art and individual influenced than most of the “utility buildings.” Most examples will be from housing (1).
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Notes and References
This paper has been sponsored by the Research and Development Unit of the Swedish National Board of Universities and Colleges. I would like to thank Prof. Harriet Ryd and Prof. Björn Linn for their valuable comments.
Charles Jencks, Modern Movements in Architecture, Oxford: Penguin Books, 1973.
Manfredo Tafuri, Arkitektur och utopi, Stockholm: R. University of Technology/ Architecture section, 1982. An abridged translation of Architecture and Utopia, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1975/1977.
Francoise Choy, The Modern City Planning in the 19th Century, London: Studio Vista, 1969. My short review is based on the application of the scheme in Björn Linn, Storgårdskvarteret, Stockholm, Governmental Institute of Building Research, 1974, pp. 68–108.
Lewis Mumford, The Culture of the Cities, New York: 1938, and Hans Bjur, “Stadsplanering kring 1900,” Gothenburg: T.D. diss. Chalmers University of Technology, 1984.
Anna Östnäs, Arkitekterna, Gothenburg: T.D. diss. Chalmers University of Technology, 1984, pp. 103–118.
Ibid., p. 117: the quotation is from an editorial in the periodical Arkitektur May 1908.
Per G. Råberg, Funktionalistiskt genombrott, Stockholm: Norsteds förlag, 1972, pp. 292–331.
Gunnar Asplund et. al., “Acceptera”, Stockholm: Tidens Förlag 1931 (a facsimile print 1980).
Jencks, op. cit., 1973, p. 247, note 3.
Uno åhren, ‘Synpunkter på stadsbyggandet’, in Bygämdstaren, op. cit., 1972, pp. 99–104, note 9.
Staffan Källström, Värdenihilism och vetenskap. Uppsalafilosofin i forskning och samhällsdebatt under 1920 och 30–talen, Gothenburg: Publ. from University of Gothenburg, diss. 1984.
Lennart Holm, ‘Funktionalism är kunskap’, in Arkitektur, (Sept. 1976), 12–13.
Nils Ahrbom, Arkitektur och samhälle, Stockholm: Arkitektur förlag, 1983, pp. 92–154.
See for instance Ludwig v. Bertalanffy, General System Theory, New York: George Braziller, 1968.
Francis Ferguson, Architecture, Cities and the Systems Approach, New York: George Braziller, 1975.
Ibid., pp. 80–87. See also the review of criticism in Bryan Lawson, How Designers Think, London: The Architectural Press, 1980, pp. 56–57.
Nils Ahrbom, ‘Svensk strukturalism’, in Anders et. al., Utvecklingen mot strukturalism i arkitekturen, Stockholm: Building Research Council, 1980, p. 168.
Jencks, op. cit., 1973, p. 76, note 3.
Jadwiga Krupinska and Per Olsen, ‘Skolans form under 40 år’, Arkitektur 3 (1983), 31–36.
Peter Cook et al., Archigram, London: Studio Vista, 1972; and Ekholm, op. cit., 1980, pp. 57–84, note 19.
Christopher Alexander, Notes on the Synthesis of Form, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ Press, 1964, reprint 1970; Alexander, A Pattern Language, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977. For a further overview see Geoffrey Broadbent et al., Signs, Symbols and Architecture, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1980.
Tafuri, op. cit., 1982, Ch. 7, p. 42, note 4.
Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1960 (15th printing 1979).
Gordon Cullen, The Concise Townscape, London: Architectural Press, 1961, rev. ed. 1971.
Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, London: Penguin Books, 1961.
Björner Torsson, Staden som rum och gestalt, Stockholm: T.D. mimeo. diss. R. University of Technology, 1974.
Ramon Wåhlin (ed.), Forskningsläget inom arkitektur-psykologin 1977, Stockholm, Building Research Council, Report R 56:79,1979.
Pehr Sällström (ed.), Göra och veta vid miljögestaltningen, Stockholm, R. University of Technology/Architectural section, 1981.
Charles Jencks The Language of Post-Modern Architecture, London: Academy editions, rev ed. 1978.
For a more straightforward “evolutionary” view of scientific development see Franz Wuketitz (ed.), Concepts and Approaches in Evolutionary Epistemology, Dordrecht: Reidel Publishers, 1984.
Jencks, op. cit., 1978, pp. 108–109, note 32.
Björn Linn Att bygga pä kunskap, Gavle: unpublished report from Governmental Building Institute, 1983. See also Bo Goranzon (ed.), Datautvecklingens filosofi, Stockholm: Carlsson & Jonsson Bokforlag, 1983.
Råberg, op. cit., 1972, pp. 292–298, note 9.
Jencks, op. cit., 1973, p. 257, note 3. The quotation is from Architectural Design, (April 1957).
Gernot Böhme, The Knowledge-Structure of Society’, in Gunnar Bergendal (ed.), Knowledge Policies and the Traditions of Higher Education, Stockholm: Almqvist & Wikselllnt.,1984,p.7.
Ferguson op. cit., 1975, p. 2, note 17.
Ahrbom, op. cit., 1980, p. 166, note 19.
Tafuri, op. cit., 1982, pp. 37, 54, note 4.
Östnäs, op. cit., 1984, pp. 209ff., note 7.
Östnäs, op. cit., 1984, p. 142, note 7.
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© 1986 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
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Wallén, G. (1986). The Scientification of Architecture. In: Böhme, G., Stehr, N. (eds) The Knowledge Society. Sociology of the Sciences, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4724-5_10
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