Abstract
The transition-metal, rare-earth, and actinide ions, i.e., the members of the 3d, 4d, 5d, 4f, and 5f groups, have been the subject of a host of ESR investigations. Observation of the ESR spectra of these ions in low concentrations is generally no more difficult than for free radicals, though linewidths may be much greater, and low temperatures may be required to see a spectrum at all. However, even a qualitative understanding of the spectrum of an ion requires a detailed consideration both of the individual ion and of its environment.† The results of such a detailed analysis may provide:
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1.
Identification of the element, its specific valence state and configuration
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2.
The symmetry of the crystalline electric field to which an ion is subjected
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3.
Numerical values for the parameters in the spin hamiltonian
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Wertz, J.E., Bolton, J.R. (1986). Transition-metal Ions. I. In: Electron Spin Resonance. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4075-8_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4075-8_11
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