Abstract
Annual flood peak data must conform to certain standards of quality control, sample size, and homogeneity for use in flood-frequency analysis. Sometimes the values for the highest observed floods of an annual flood series are much higher or much lower than expected; these values are designated as outliers and inliers, respectively. When the values for the lowest observed floods are much higher or lower than expected, these are designated inliers and outliers, respectively. Analyses of storms producing high floods perceived as outliers and droughts containing low floods perceived as outliers provide a physical basis for their being outliers. However, these outliers and inliers need to be detected and properly modified to derive unbiased design flood estimates. Test statistics have been developed for objective detection of any outliers/inliers in a given flood series after converting it to a normally distributed series with the power transformation. A design flood estimation methodology is presented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, D.V. 1967. ‘Review of basic statistical concepts in Hydrology’. In: Statistical Methods in Hydrology, McGill University, Canada, p. 7.
Arementrout, C.L. and Bissell, R.B. 1970. Channel Slope Effect on Peak Discharge of Natural Streams. Journal of the Hydraulics Division. American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 96, No. HY2, pp. 310–311.
Barnett, V. and Lewis, T. 1978. Outliers in Statistical Data. John Willy and Sons, New York, 365 pp.
Blom, G. 1958. Statistical Estimates and Transformed Beta Variables. John Willy and Sons, New York, 176. pp.
Box, G.E.P. and Cox, D.R. 1964. An Analysis of Transformation. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Vol. B26, pp.211–252.
Cunnane, J. 1978. Unbiased Plotting Position- A Review. Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 37, pp. 205–222.
Harter, H.L. 1971. Some Optimization Problems in Parameter Estimation. In: J.S. Rustagi (Editor), Optimizing Methods in Statistics, pp. 33–62, Academic Press, New York.
Harshfield, D.M. 1961. Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States. Weather Bureau Technical Paper No. 40, 61 pp., U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
Potter, K.W. and Walker J.F. 1985. An Empirical Study of Flood Measurement Error. Water Resources Research, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 403–406.
Potter, W.D. 1958. Upper and Lower Frequency Curves for Peak Rates of Runoff. Transaction. American Geophysical Union, Vol. 39, pp. 100–105
Rajaratnam, N. and Ahmadi, R.M. 1979. Interaction between Main Channel and Floodpain Flows. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 105, No. HY5, pp. 573–578.
Sing, K.P. 1968. Hydrologic Distributions Resulting from Mixed Populations and Their Computer Simulation. Publication No. 81. International Association of Scientific Hydrology, pp. 671–681.
Sing, K.P. 1980. Flood Frequency Analysis by Power Transformation-Discussion. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, Ameican Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 106, No. HY3, pp. 462–465.
Sing, K.P. 1982. Runoff conditions for Converting Storm Rainfall to Runoff with SCS Curve Numbers. Illinois State Water survey CR 288, Champaign, Illinois, 62 pp.
Sing, K.P. 1983. Software Design for a Versatile Flood Frequency Analysis. Advances in Engineering Software, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 107–112.
Sing, K.P. and Nakashima, M. 1981. A New Methodology for Flood Frequency Analysis With Objective Detection and Modification of Outliers/Inliers. Illinois State Water survey CR 272, Champaign, Illinois, 145 pp.
U.S. Water Resources Council. 1981. Guidelines for Determining Flood Frequency. Bulletin 17B of the Hydrology Committee, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 D. Reidel Publishing Company
About this paper
Cite this paper
Singh, K.P. (1987). Flood Data, Underlying Distribution, Analysis, and Refinement. In: Singh, V.P. (eds) Hydrologic Frequency Modeling. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3953-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3953-0_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8253-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3953-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive