Abstract
Phenomenology, structuralism and cybernetics have contributed to the present perspective on modes of consciousness that act as moderators upon the relations between emotions, motivation and cognition. In this chapter, a set of principles is proposed to account for the experience of emotions, for individual differences in emotional experience, and for seemingly paradoxical changes of emotional experiences in one individual over time. In this way the approach is different from that of Ekman and Friesen (1986) who proposed that emotions can be distinguished from moods by virtue of their signal characteristics. This is not to deny pan-cultural signal specificity of facial expression of anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, and happiness (possibly also of contempt), or to downgrade the possibility of so-called preparedness in responses to some affective facial displays (see, e.g., Dimberg, 1986; Öhman, this volume).
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Svebak, S. (1988). A State-Based Approach to the Role of Effort in Experience of Emotions. In: Hamilton, V., Bower, G.H., Frijda, N.H. (eds) Cognitive Perspectives on Emotion and Motivation. NATO ASI Series, vol 44. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2792-6_6
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