Riassunto
Sebbene l’ecografia sia l’indagine di prima istanza nella valutazione delle anomalie della fossa cranica posteriore, la Risonanza Magnetica Fetale (RMF) rappresenta un utile complemento: ciò poiché offre una miglior risoluzione di contrasto e consente di ottenere immagini multiplanari che permettono di valutare il volume globale della fossa cranica posteriore, il tentorio cerebellare e la sua inserzione, la morfologia e la biometria del cervelletto, la morfologia del tronco encefalo e l’ampiezza degli spazi liquorali [1]. La RMF consente inoltre di ovviare al problema dell’ombra acustica legata alla progressiva ossificazione della teca e ai limiti dell’ecografia quando la posizione della testa fetale non consente di ottenere adeguate scansioni [2]. Inoltre, è indicata anche per la ricerca di anomalie sovratentoriali associate, che possono influenzare significativamente la prognosi [3]. Le anomalie della fossa cranica posteriore rilevabili in epoca prenatale comprendono la malformazione di Chiari II associata a difetti del tubo neurale, le anomalie “cistiche” (caratterizzate da ampliamento degli spazi liquorali sottotentoriali) e un gruppo eterogeneo di anomalie quali la romboencefalosinapsi, la romboencefaloschisi, le anomalie vascolari, le anomalie di segmentazione del tronco encefalo, dimorfismi della corteccia cerebellare e altre, nonché la patologia lesionale.
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Doneda, C., Triulzi, F. (2013). Sistema nervoso centrale: patologie della fossa cranica posteriore. In: Fonda, C., Manganaro, L., Triulzi, F. (eds) RM fetale. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1408-4_15
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