Zusammenfassung
Die Wirtschaft der USA ist in hohem Maß räumlich konzentriert, und zwischen den Ballungsräumen existiert eine ausgeprägte Produktivitätshierarchie entlang der Größe dieser Regionen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird untersucht, wie sich dieses Muster – etwa als Folge infrastruktureller und informationstechnologischer Entwicklungen – in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten verändert hat und welche Faktoren dabei maßgeblich waren. Die großen Agglomerationen der USA sind, was Bevölkerung und Beschäftigung angeht, zwar tendenziell weniger gewachsen als kleinere Ballungsräume. Dabei sind aber die hierarchischen Abstufungen im Produktivitätsniveau zwischen diesen Regionen noch erheblich größer geworden. Ein zentraler Faktor war dabei die Ausstattung mit Wissen und Humankapital. Hohe Bedeutung für die Produktivität eines Ballungsraums haben auch Urbanisationseffekte. Dagegen tragen Unterschiede im Marktzugang und Lokalisationseffekte nur wenig zu den räumlichen Produktivitätsdifferenzen bei. Die vorliegende Untersuchung liefert keine Hinweise auf eine Tendenz der räumlichen Dezentralisierung der Wirtschaft, sie deutet eher in die entgegen gesetzte Richtung.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literatur
Berry, Ch. R., Glaeser, E. L. (2005): The Divergence of Human Capital Levels across Cities. Papers in Regional Science, 84, 407–444
Black, D., Henderson, J. V. (2003): Urban Evolution in the USA. Journal of Economic Geography, 3, 343–372
Card, D. (1999): Education in the labor market. In: Ashenfelter, O., Card, D. (Eds.): Handbook of Labor Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland
Combes, P.-P., Duranton, G., Gobillon, L. (2004): Spatial Wage Disparities: Sorting Matters! CEPR Discussion Paper 4240
Dobkins, L. H., Ioannides, Y. M. (2001): Spatial Interactions among U.S. Cities: 1900–1990. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 31, 701–731
Drennan, M. (1999): National structural change and metropolitan specialisation in the United States. Papers in Regional Science, 78, S. 297–318
Drennan, M. (2005): Possible Sources of Wage Divergence among Metropolitan Areas of the United States. Urban Studies, 42, 1609–1620
Duranton, G., Puga, D. (2005): From Sectoral to Functional Urban Secialisation. Journal of Urban Economics, 57, 343–370
EITO (European Information Technology Observatory): Yearbook 2007 und frühere Jahrgänge, www.eito.com/datafindersel.htm?art=special
Glaeser, E. L., Kallal, H. D., Scheinkman, J. A., Shleifer, A. (1992): Growth in Cities. Journal of Political Economy, 100, 1126–1152
Glaeser, E. L., Kohlhase, J. E. (2004): Cities, Regions and the Decline of Transport Costs. Papers in Regional Science, 83, 197–228
Glaeser, E. L. Maré, D. C. (199En: Cities and Skills. Working Papers in Economics E-94–11, Hoover Institution, Stanford University
Glaeser, E. L. Maré, D. C. (2001): Cities and Skills. Journal of Labor Economics, 19, 316–342
Glaeser, E. L., Shapiro, J. (2001): Is there a New Urbanism? The Growth of U.S. Cities in the 1990s. NBER Working Paper 8357
Glaeser, E. L., Scheinkman, J. A., Shleifer, A. (1995): Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of Cities. Journal of Monetary Economics, 36, 117–143
Hanson, G. H. (2001): Scale Economies and the Geographic Concentration of Industry. Journal of Economic Geography, 1, 255–276
Head, K., Mayer, T. (2004a): The Empirics of Agglomeration and Trade. In: Henderson, J. V., Thisse, J-F. (Eds.): Handbook of Urban and Regional Economics, Volume 4, 2609–2669. Amsterdam: Elsevier
Head, K., Mayer, T. (2004b): Market Potential and the Location of Japanese Investment in the European Union. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 86, 959–972
Henderson, J. V. (1988): Urban Development. Theory, Fact, and Illusion. New York: Oxford University Press
Henderson, J. V. (1999): Marshall's Scale Economies. NBER Working Paper 7358
Henderson, J. V. (2007): Understanding Knowledge Spillovers. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 37, 497–508
Henderson, V., Kuncoro, A., Turner, M. (1995): Industrial Development in Cities. Journal of Political Economy, 103, 1067–1090
Ioannides, Y. M., Overman, H. G. (2004): Spatial Evolution of the US Urban System. Journal of Economic Geography, 4, 131–156
Jacobs, J. (1969): The Economy of Cities. New York: Vintage
Jaffe, A. B., Trajtenberg, M., Henderson, R. (1993): Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108, 577–598
Kim, S. (2002): The Reconstruction of the American Urban Landscape in the Twentieth Century. NBER Working Paper 8857
Knaap, T. (2005): Trade, Location, and Wages in the United States. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 36, 595–612
Krugman, P. (1991a): Increasing Returns and Economic Geography. Journal of Political Economy, 99, 483–499
Lucas, R., E. (1988): On The Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3–42
Moomaw, R., L. (1998): Agglomeration Economies: Are They Exaggerated by Industrial Aggregation? Regional Science and Urban Economics, 28, 199–211
Moretti, E. (2004a): Human Capital Externalities in Cities. In: Henderson, J. V., Thisse, J-F. (eds.): Handbook of Urban and Regional Economics, Volume 4, 2243–2291. Amsterdam: Elsevier
Moretti, E. (2004b): Estimating the Social Returns to Higher Education: Evidence from Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data. Journal of Econometrics, 121, 175–212
Orlando, M. J., Verba, M. (2005): Do Only Big Cities Innovate? Technological Maturity and the Location of Innovation. Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
Puga, D. (1999): The Rise and Fall of Regional Inequalities. European Economic Review, 43, 303–334
Rauch, J. E. (1993): Productivity Gains from the Geographic Concentration of Human Capital: Evidence from the Cities. Journal of Urban Economics, 34, 380–400
Romer, P. M. (1990): Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy, 94, 1002–1037
Sanromá, E., Ramos, R. (2007): Local Human Capital and Productivity: An Analysis for the Spanish Regions. Regional Studies, 41, 349–359
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Gabler Verlag | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Geppert, K., Postlep, RD. (2011). Entwicklung und Determinanten des Produktivitätsgefälles zwischen den Ballungsräumen der USA 1969 - 2005. In: Dreger, C., Kosfeld, R., Türck, M. (eds) Empirische Regionalforschung heute. Gabler. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6366-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6366-6_4
Publisher Name: Gabler
Print ISBN: 978-3-8349-2462-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-8349-6366-6
eBook Packages: Business and Economics (German Language)