Zusammenfassung
Grundlage fast aller alpinen Sportarten ist das relativ starke Gefälle, das man im alpinen Bereich vorfindet. Neben dem Bergsteigen gibt es eine Vielzahl von Sportarten, die im alpinen Bereich betrieben werden. Bergwandern und Bergsteigen, Skifahren und Snowboarden, aber auch (wenn auch in einer abgeschwächten Form) Mountainbiking weisen eine bergsportspezifische Besonderheit auf: Während bei den Gegensportarten im flachen Gelände (z. B. Wandern oder Rennradfahren) die Hauptbelastungsform der großen Muskelgruppen in den Beinen vor allem konzentrischer Natur ist, ist bei den Bergsportarten neben der konzentrischen Belastungsform auch die exzentrische Belastungsform sehr stark vorhanden. Exzentrische Belastungen unterscheiden sich in vielerlei Hinsicht von konzentrischen Belastungen.Sportklettern zeichnet sich durch die besondere Bedeutung der Muskulatur der oberen Extremitäten, insbesondere der Fingerflexormuskulatur, aus.
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Philippe, M. (2015). Spezifische Belastungsmuster des Alpinsports. In: Berghold, F., et al. Alpin- und Höhenmedizin. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1833-7_2
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