Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend von der Leitfrage werden die Ausmaße der derzeitigen Biodiversitätskrise sowie die zugrunde liegenden Umweltveränderungen anhand des Modells der planetaren Grenzen beschrieben. Kippelemente im Klimasystem werden als besondere Gefahren erläutert und die Bedeutung eines stabilen Erdsystems für die Erhaltung natürlicher Lebensgrundlagen aufgezeigt. Im Anschluss werden gesellschaftliche Treiber von Umweltveränderungen und ihre Gesundheitsrisiken für Menschen dargestellt. Planetary Health, Erdsystemgerechtigkeit und Earth Stewardship werden als Ansätze beschrieben, die auf die gerechte Nutzung globaler Gemeingüter und die Förderung der Gesundheit von Menschen und Ökosystemen abzielen. Um diese zu realisieren sind gesellschaftliche Transformationen und eine Neuausrichtung der zu Umweltzerstörung führenden Werte, Verhaltensweisen, Institutionen, Wirtschaftsmodelle und Technologien nötig. Anhand von Städten, Ernährungs- und Wirtschaftssystemen werden beispielhaft einige Transformationsperspektiven aufgezeigt. Zudem werden Co-Benefits und Synergien zwischen Nachhaltigkeit und Resilienz, Umwelt- und Gesundheitsschutz dargestellt. Organisationen wie Unternehmen können dazu beitragen, die Teilhabe von Menschen zu stärken, die Rahmenbedingungen transformativen Handelns zu gestalten und ein holistisches und relationales Mensch-Natur-Verhältnis zu verankern. Es werden Beispiele dargestellt, wie Gesundheitsförderung und Nachhaltigkeit in Unternehmen miteinander verzahnt und gleichzeitig adressiert werden können, z. B. in den Handlungsfeldern der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung und im Rahmen eines betrieblichen Nachhaltigkeits- und Gesundheitsmanagements (Pfaff und Schubin 2022). So können natur- und gesundheits-positive Lebensweisen auch über Arbeitswelten hinaus gefördert werden.
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Masztalerz, O. (2023). Befinden wir uns in einer „ökologischen Zeitenwende“? Umweltveränderungen, Gesundheit und Transformationen. In: Badura, B., Ducki, A., Baumgardt, J., Meyer, M., Schröder, H. (eds) Fehlzeiten-Report 2023. Fehlzeiten-Report, vol 2023. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67514-4_2
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