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Qualitative Forschung

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Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten und Schreiben

Part of the book series: Studium Pflege, Therapie, Gesundheit ((SPTG))

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Zusammenfassung

Möchte die Forscherin oder der Forscher Meinungen, Erfahrungen, Einstellungen, Werte oder Ähnliches erforschen, so muss ein qualitativer Forschungsansatz gewählt werden. In diesem Kapitel werden qualitative Methoden und Datenerhebungsinstrumente vorgestellt und diskutiert, die häufig in den Gesundheitswissenschaften angewandt werden. Zusätzlich werden unterschiedliche Methoden zur Steigerung der Genauigkeit und Nachvollziehbarkeit der Ergebnisse bei qualitativen Studien beschrieben.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Bemerkung des Übersetzers, Roman Weigl: Der Begriff der Viktimisierung stammt aus der Kriminologie: jemanden zum Opfer machen, d. h. dass eine Person durch eine Straftat geschädigt wird.

  2. 2.

    Teresa leidet an Schilddrüsenkrebs.

  3. 3.

    Anmerkung des Übersetzers: „was good“ (Anführungszeichen im Original ebenfalls vorhanden).

  4. 4.

    Anmerkung des Übersetzers: Der Begriff „joining“ stammt aus der systemischen Therapie und bezeichnet ein Bündnis zwischen Therapeut*in und Klient*in

  5. 5.

    Anmerkung des Übersetzers: griech. für (scheinbare) logische Widersprüchlichkeit.

  6. 6.

    Anmerkung des Übersetzers: Wissensbehauptungen.

  7. 7.

    Anmerkung des Übersetzers: unter „liberation psychology“ wird im englischsprachigen Raum ein Bereich der Psychologie verstanden, der als Antwort auf die kollektiven Traumata durch kulturelle Unterdrückung und Marginalisierung entstand. Die psychologische Forschung dient der Selbstbestimmung von Personen, durch die Durchführung von Forschung „mit“ im Gegensatz zu „über“ Teilnehmer*innen, durch das gemeinsame Formulieren von Zielen und Methoden, und durch die Implementierung von Forschung als Partner*innen, Co-Forschende und Expert*innen. Im Bereich der Occupational Science sei hier auf das Konzept der Occupational Justice verwiesen. Weiterführende Literatur: Watkins, Mary (2008): Toward Psychologies of Liberation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (Critical Theory and Practice in Psychology and the Human Sciences). Stadnyk R L, Townsend E A, Wilcock A A (2010): Occupational Justice. In: Charles H. Christiansen und Elizabeth A. Townsend (Hg.): Introduction to occupation. The art and science of living. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson, S. 329–358.

  8. 8.

    Aus dem Blickwinkel der „Kolonalisierten“ erfolgte Forschung immer mit Methoden, die aus dem imperialistischen Europäisch-(Nord-)Amerikanischen Kulturkreis stammen und es ihnen daher an Relevanz mangelte. Mit dem Ziel einer spezifischen „De-kolonialisierung“ der Forschungsmethodologie übernahmen und entwickelten Psycholog*innen Forschungsmethoden aus der traditioneller Wissens- und Erkenntnisgenerierung (engl. „ways of knowing“), die dann in die importierten Methoden integriert wurden und eigenständig eingesetzt werden. Vergleichbar zeigt sich hier in der Occupational Science zum Beispiel die Arbeit von Whiteford und Hocking (2012). Weiterführende Literatur: Kovach, Margaret (2021): Indigenous Methodologies : Characteristics, Conversations, and Contexts, Second Edition: University of Toronto Press. Hocking, Clare; Whiteford, Gail (Hg.) (2012): Occupational science. Society, inclusion, participation. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

  9. 9.

    Im deutschsprachigen Raum auch Gegenstandsbezogene Theoriebildung genannt (Mayring 2016).

  10. 10.

    Diese Haltung wird von den verschiedenen Grounded-Theory Ansätzen im Sinne eines mehr oder weniger positivistischen Vorgehens unterschiedlich vertreten und gehandhabt (siehe hier Charmaz 2011)  

  11. 11.

    Sowohl Glaser (2004) als auch Charmaz (2006) haben zum axialen und selektiven Codieren eine eher ablehnende Haltung, da diese als zu strukturierend oder nicht zielführend empfunden werden. Beispielsweise überspringt Glaser (1978) den Schritt des axialen Codierens und definiert gleich „theoretical codes“, die die Beziehung zwischen den Codes für die Bildung einer Theoriehypothese beschreiben.

  12. 12.

    Wortwörtliche Transkription

  13. 13.

    Anmerkung der Autoren: Eine Psoriasisarthritis ist eine chronisch rheumatische Autoimmunerkrankung, die sowohl die Gelenke als auch die Haut betreffen kann

  14. 14.

    Anmerkung der Autoren: Symptome im Sinne einer Schuppenflechte

  15. 15.

    Anmerkung der Autoren: Symptome einer Gelenkentzündung

  16. 16.

    Theorie und Praxis der Interpretation und des Verstehens in verschiedenen Arten von menschlichen Zusammenhängen

  17. 17.

    Anmerkung des Übersetzers: Situiert wird hier im Sinne von verankert verwendet.

  18. 18.

    „Circular movement of understanding [which] runs backward and forward along the text and ceases when the text is perfectly understood“

  19. 19.

    „In order to be able to express a text’s meaning and subject matter, we must translate it into our own language.“

  20. 20.

    Anmerkung des Übersetzers: der Begriff wurde von Miranda Fricker (2009) geprägt, eng. „epistemic injustice“, epistemisch: das Wissen betreffend

  21. 21.

    „The important thing is to be aware of one’s own bias.“

  22. 22.

    „Chronic sorrow“

  23. 23.

    „safety, rootedness, harmony, joy, privacy, togetherness, recognition, order, control, possession, nourishment, initiative, power and freedom all converge. The fundamental core is, in any case, a feeling of relationship with other significant people, in a significant place, carrying out significant activities“

  24. 24.

    Anmerkung des Übersetzers: Unter Scrapbooks werden im angloamerikanischen Raum leere Bücher verstanden, die mit Fotos, persönlichen Notizen, Zeitungsartikeln, Eintrittskarten etc. aus der eigenen oder familiären Geschichte angereichert werden.

  25. 25.

    Prüfsicherheit, Revisionssicherheit

  26. 26.

    „Adequate representation of the constructions of the social world under study“

  27. 27.

    „The extent to which the characteristics of the data, as posited by the researcher, can be confirmed by others who read the research results“

  28. 28.

    „Trustworthiness and truthfulness“

    Tab. 6.6 Elemente der Glaubwürdigkeit und der Aufrichtigkeit bei der Bewertung hermeneutischer Forschung
    Full size table
  29. 29.

    Anmerkung des Übersetzers: Unter Write-up wird im angloamerikanischen Raum üblicherweise eine Niederschrift im Sinne einer schriftlichen Notiz oder eines schriftlichen Berichts verstanden.

    Abb. 6.5
    figure 5

    Beispiel eines hermeneutischen Berichts (für die Mütter und die Kinder wurden Pseudonyme verwendet)

    Full size image
  30. 30.

    „The burden of caring for a lifetime“

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. fh gesundheit – Zentrum für Gesundheitsberufe Tirol GmbH, Innsbruck, Österreich

    Susanne Perkhofer & Verena Gebhart

  2. IMC Fachhochschule Krems, Department of Health, Krems, Österreich

    Gerhard Tucek

  3. Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States of America

    Frederick J. Wertz

  4. Klinische Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, St. Pölten, Österreich

    Roman Weigl (übersetzt von)

  5. Institut für Outcomes Research, Zentrum für Medical Data Science, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich

    Valentin Ritschl & Tanja Stamm

  6. FH Joanneum Graz, Radiologietechnologie, Graz, Österreich

    Helmut Ritschl

  7. Freiberufliche Ergotherapeutin und nebenberuflich Lehrende, Wien, Österreich

    Barbara Höhsl

  8. IMC Fachhochschule Krems, Krems, Österreich

    Barbara Prinz-Buchberger

  9. Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland

    Julie Sascia Mewes

  10. FH Campus Wien, Bachelorstudiengang Logopädie – Phoniatrie – Audiologie, Wien, Österreich

    Martin Maasz & Susanne M. Javorszky

  11. The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Christine Chapparo (übersetzt von)

  12. Kompetenzzentrum Zukunft Gesundheitsförderung, Gesundheit Österreich GmbH, Wien, Österreich

    Petra Plunger

  13. Institut für Pflegewissenschaft, Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich

    Elisabeth Reitinger & Katharina Heimerl

  14. Bachelorstudiengang Ergotherapie, Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Österreich

    Verena C. Tatzer

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    Valentin Ritschl

  2. Wien, Österreich

    Roman Weigl

  3. Wien, Österreich

    Tanja Stamm

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Perkhofer, S. et al. (2023). Qualitative Forschung. In: Ritschl, V., Weigl, R., Stamm, T. (eds) Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten und Schreiben. Studium Pflege, Therapie, Gesundheit . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66501-5_6

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