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Die Atempumpe und ihre Störungen

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Neurologische Beatmungsmedizin

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Zusammenfassung

Die Atempumpe generiert den inspiratorischen und exspiratorischen Luftfluss durch Veränderungen des intrathorakalen Drucks in Zusammenspiel mit der Weite der oberen Atemwege. Ihre Bestandteile sind der Thorax, die thorakale Muskulatur, das Zwerchfell, die abdominelle Muskulatur, die Atemhilfsmuskulatur und die Muskulatur der oberen Atemwege. Durch Erkrankungen der Thoraxwand, neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen und Erkrankungen, welche die Atempumpe indirekt beeinträchtigen, wird die Ventilation gestört und es kommt zum ventilatorischen Versagen mit Anstieg des paCO2. Dieser ist im Schlaf und insbesondere im REM-Schlaf am ausgeprägtesten. Bei der Diagnostik von Störungen der Atempumpe spielen Spirometrie, Bodyplethysmographie und die bildgebende Darstellung des Zwerchfells eine wichtige Rolle. Die korrekte Diagnostik von Störungen der Atempumpe ist bedeutsam, da – bei ätiologisch nicht zu behebender ventilatorischer Insuffizienz – die Beatmungstherapie zum Einsatz kommt, wodurch bei vielen Erkrankungen der Atempumpe die Überlebenszeit, aber auch die Lebensqualität erheblich gesteigert werden können.

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  1. Klinik für Neurologische Intensivmedizin und Frührehabilitation und Interdisziplinäres Palliativzentrum, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland

    Martin Groß & Oliver Summ

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  1. Klinik für Neurologische Intensivmedizin und Frührehabilitation, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

    Martin Groß

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Groß, M., Summ, O. (2020). Die Atempumpe und ihre Störungen. In: Groß, M. (eds) Neurologische Beatmungsmedizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59014-0_4

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