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Palliative Therapie viszeraler Blutungen

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Palliative Viszeralchirurgie

Zusammenfassung

Eine Blutung bei Tumorerkrankungen ist eine ernste Komplikation, sie kann zur Diagnose führen oder erst im Verlauf der Therapie auftreten. Entscheidend für Diagnostik und mehr noch Therapie ist ihre Intensität – das Spektrum reicht von der okkulten Blutung bis zur Massenblutung. Das gewählte Vorgehen soll patientenschonend, nachhaltig, effektiv und möglichst rezidivvermeidend sein. Dazu gehört vor allem das Bestreben, in einer einzigen – wenn möglich ambulanten – Sitzung das Therapieziel zu erreichen. Die Blutung kann intraluminal, in ein Hohlorgan oder als freie Blutung in die Bauchhöhle auftreten. Zur Blutstillung sind chirurgische, endoskopische und interventionell-radiologische Verfahren verfügbar. Primäres Ziel ist immer, die Akutsituation zu beherrschen, um dann eine dauerhafte Blutstillung anzustreben. Bei intraluminalen Blutungen aus Gastrointestinaltrakt oder Tracheobronchialsystem stehen endoskopische Verfahren in Diagnostik und Therapie ganz im Vordergrund. Die Differenzialindikation zum Einsatz der diversen Methoden richtet sich nach Ursache, Art, Lokalisation und Intensität der Blutung. Aus dem großen Spektrum der Blutstillungsverfahren sind dem Einzelfall angepasste Methoden oder -kombinationen zu wählen, ein schematisches Vorgehen nur nach Leitlinie ist meist nicht angebracht. Blutungen in die freie Bauchhöhle sind deutlich komplexer und erfordern nach adäquater Diagnostik vielfach eine Notfalllaparotomie. Bei der Wahl der Therapie sind obige Kriterien zu berücksichtigen, wobei für eine definitive und sichere Blutstillung große Resektionen erforderlich sein können.

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Correspondence to Alfred Königsrainer .

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Königsrainer, A., Grund, KE. (2019). Palliative Therapie viszeraler Blutungen. In: Ghadimi, M., Homayounfar, K., Kalff, J. (eds) Palliative Viszeralchirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57362-4_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57362-4_15

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