Zusammenfassung
Die Verfügbarkeit von Einzelallergenen und deren Einsatz in der Mikroarray-Technologie gestattet die simultane Bestimmung von sIgE im Multiplex-Verfahren gegen eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Allergene (> 100) aus kleinsten Serummengen. So lassen sich in einer Bestimmung umfangreiche individuelle Sensibilisierungsprofile erstellen. Sie ermöglichen in Zusammenschau mit der Anamnese,
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Kreuzreaktionen leichter zu erkennen,
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das Risiko für schwere Reaktionen besser einzuschätzen und
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die Indikation zur spezifischen Immuntherapie besonders bei Polysensibilisierten gezielter zu stellen.
Strenggenommen handelt es dabei nicht um einen Test, sondern um mehr als 100 Tests mit erheblichen Anforderungen an die Herstellung, Qualitätskontrolle und Interpretation der Daten. Das folgende Kapitel beschreibt die aktuell verfügbaren Multiplex-Testverfahren sowie ihre Eigenschaften und präsentiert Daten zur Leistungsfähigkeit (Performance) sowie zum Vergleich der sIgE-Werte im Multiplex- und Singleplex-Verfahren. Anschließend werden Nutzen und die Grenzen der molekularen Allergiediagnostik mittels Multiplex-Verfahren im klinischen Alltag diskutiert und innovative Möglichkeiten in der klinischen Forschung aufgezeigt.
Der Beitrag basiert auf einer Publikation der Autoren, die 2015 im Allergo Journal International erschienen ist (Jakob T, Forstenlechner P, Matricardi P, Kleine-Tebbe J. Molecular allergy diagnostics using multiplex assays: methodological and practical considerations for use in research and clinical routine. Allergo J Int 2015, DOI 10.1007/s40629-015-0056-2) und nun als Buchkapitel modifiziert und erweitert wurde.
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Jakob, T., Forstenlechner, P., Matricardi, P., Kleine-Tebbe, J. (2015). Molekulare Allergiediagnostik im Multiplex-Verfahren. In: Kleine-Tebbe, J., Jakob, T. (eds) Molekulare Allergiediagnostik. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45221-9_9
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