Zusammenfassung
Nach der aktuellen Studienlage liegt die Häufigkeit des plötzlichen Herztods (PHT) beim Sport in Abhängigkeit von Alter, Geschlecht und Sportart zwischen 0,5 und 13 Betroffenen pro 100.000 Sportler und Jahr. Bei jungen Sportlern unter 35 Jahren dominieren in über zwei Drittel der Fälle angeborene kardiale Erkrankungen als Ursache. Am häufigsten ist dabei die hypertrophe Kardiomyopathie, gefolgt von Koronaranomalien, Ionenkanalerkrankungen und der Myokarditis. Bei älteren Athleten dominiert demgegenüber die im Rahmen einer Atherosklerose auftretende koronare Herzerkrankung als Ursache. Erste Befunde weisen darauf hin, dass sportmedizinische Vorsorgeuntersuchungen bei der Prävention des PHT beim Sport einen wichtigen Stellenwert besitzen.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Literatur
Albert CM, Mittleman MA, Chae CU, Lee IM, Hennekens CH, Manson JE (2000) Triggering of sudden death from cardiac causes by vigorous exertion. N Engl J Med 343:1355–61
Angelini P (2007) Coronary artery anomalies: an entity in search of an identity. Circulation 115:1296–305
Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom GT, Liang Y, Smialek JE, Virmani R (1999) Plaque rupture and sudden death related to exertion in men with coronary artery disease. JAMA 281:921–6
Chandra N, Bastiaenen R, Papadakis M, Sharma S (2013) Sudden cardiac death in young athletes: practical challenges and diagnostic dilemmas. J Am Coll Cardiol 61:1027–40
Corrado D, Basso C, Rizzoli G, Schiavon M, Thiene G (2003) Does sports activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults? J Am Coll Cardiol 42:1959–63
Corrado D, Basso C, Pavei A, Michieli P, Schiavon M, Thiene G (2006) Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparticipation screening program. JAMA 296:1593–601
Deligiannis A, Björnstad H, Carre F, Heidbüchel H, Kouidi E, Panhuyzen-Goedkoop NM, Pigozzi F, Schänzer W, Vanhees L (2006) ESC Study Group of Sports Cardiology: ESC study group of sports cardiology position paper on adverse cardiovascular effects of doping in athletes. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 13:687–694
Drezner JA, Toresdahl BG, Rao AL, Huszti E, Harmon KG (2013) Outcomes from sudden cardiac arrest in US high schools: a 2-year prospective study from the National Registry for AED Use in Sports. Br J Sports Med 47:1179–83
Elliott PM, Sharma S, Varnava A, Poloniecki J, Rowland E, McKenna WJ (1999) Survival after cardiac arrest or sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:1596–601
Ganga HV, Thompson PD (2013) Sports participation in non-compaction cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med [Epub ahead of print]
Harmon KG, Asif IM, Klossner D, Drezner JA (2011) Incidence of sudden cardiac death in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes. Circulation 123:1594–600
Kim JH, Malhotra R, Chiampas G, d’Hemecourt P, Troyanos C, Cianca J, Smith RN, Wang TJ, Roberts WO, Thompson PD, Baggish AL (2012) Race Associated Cardiac Arrest Event Registry (RACER) Study Group. Cardiac arrest during long-distance running races. N Engl J Med 366:130–40
Kindermann I, Barth C, Mahfoud F, Ukena C, Lenski M, Yilmaz A, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Sechtem U, Cooper LT, Böhm M (2012) Update on myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 59:779–92
Maron BJ, Shirani J, Poliac LC, Mathenge R, Roberts WC, Mueller FO (1996a) Sudden death in young competitive athletes. Clinical, demographic, and pathological profiles. JAMA 276:199–204
Maron BJ, Poliac LC, Roberts WO (1996b) Risk for sudden cardiac death associated with marathon running. J Am Coll Cardiol 28: 428–31
Maron BJ (2003) Sudden death in young athletes. N Engl J Med 349:1064–75
Maron BJ, Pelliccia A (2006) The heart of trained athletes: cardiac remodeling and the risks of sports, including sudden death. Circulation 114:1633–44
Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, Tierney DM, Mueller FO (2009) Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006. Circulation 119:1085–92
Maron BJ, Haas TS, Ahluwalia A, Rutten-Ramos SC (2013) Incidence of cardiovascular sudden deaths in Minnesota high school athletes. Heart Rhythm 10:374–7
Mittleman MA, Siscovick DS (1996) Physical exertion as a trigger of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Cardiol Clin 14:263–70
Montisci M, El Mazloum R, Cecchetto G, Terranova C, Ferrara SD, Thiene G, Basso C (2012) Anabolic andreogenic steroids abuse and cardiac death in athletes: morphological and toxicological findings in four fatal cases. Forensic Sci Int 217:e13–e18
Myerburg RJ, Castellanos A (1997) Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. In: Braunwald E (ed) Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. New York: WB Saunders Publishing Co, New York, S 742–79
Northcote RJ, Flannigan C, Ballantyne D (1986) Sudden death and vigorous exercise–a study of 60 deaths associated with squash. Br Heart J 55:198–203
Pedoe DT (2000) Sudden cardiac death in sport–spectre or preventable risk? Br J Sports Med 34:137–40
Rai M, Thompson PD (2011) The definition of exertionrelated cardiac events. Br J Sports Med 45:130–1
Redelmeier DA, Greenwald JA (2007) Competing risks of mortality with marathons: retrospective analysis. BMJ 335:1275–7
Roberts WO, Maron BJ (2005) Evidence for decreasing occurrence of sudden cardiac death associated with the marathon. J Am Coll Cardiol 46:1373–4
Roberts WO, Stovitz SD (2013) Incidence of sudden cardiac death in Minnesota high school athletes 1993- 2012 screened with a standardized pre-participation evaluation. J Am Coll Cardiol 62:1298–301
Schmied C, Drezner J, Kramer E, Dvorak J (2013) Cardiac events in football and strategies for first-responder treatment on the field. Br J Sports Med 47:1175–8
Sharma S, Whyte G, McKenna WJ (1997) Sudden death from cardiovascular disease in young athletes: fact or fiction? Br J Sports Med 31:269–76
Thompson PD, Funk EJ, Carleton RA, Sturner WQ (1982) Incidence of death during jogging in Rhode Island from 1975 through 1980. JAMA 247:2535–8
Urhausen A, Scharhag J, Kindermann W (2007) Plötzlicher Herztod beim Sport und kardiovaskuläres Screening. In: Kindermann W, Dickhuth H-H, Niess A, Röcker K, Urhausen A (ed) Sportkardiologie, 2. überarbeitete Auflage. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, S. 21–38
van Camp SP, Bloor CM, Mueller FO, Cantu RC, Olson HG (1995) Nontraumatic sports death in high school and college athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27:641–7
Webner D, DuPrey KM, Drezner JA, Cronholm P, Roberts WO (2012) Sudden cardiac arrest and death in United States marathons. Med Sci Sports Exerc 44:1843–5
Whittington RM, Banerjee A (1994) Sport-related sudden natural death in the City of Birmingham. J R Soc Med 87:18–21
Zheng ZJ, Croft JB, Giles WH, Mensah GA (2001) Sudden cardiac death in the United States, 1989 to 1998. Circulation 104:2158–63
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nieß, A. (2015). Gefahren im Sport: Der plötzliche Herztod. In: Niebauer, J. (eds) Sportkardiologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43711-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43711-7_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-43710-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-43711-7
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)