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Röteln

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S2k-Leitlinie - Labordiagnostik schwangerschaftsrelevanter Virusinfektionen

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Zusammenfassung

Nach einer Rötelnvirusinfektion im ersten Schwangerschaftsdrittel kommt es bei Schwangeren ohne Rötelnschutz mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit zu einem konnatalen Rötelnsyndrom. Dies äußert sich mit schwerwiegenden Fehlbildungen an Auge, Ohr und Herzen des Kindes bzw. Abort und Totgeburt. Deshalb sollen alle Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter gegen eine Rötelninfektion geschützt sein. Die Immunitätsfeststellung soll vor der Schwangerschaft durch Kontrolle des Impfausweises erfolgen. Sind zwei Röteln- oder MMR-Impfungen dokumentiert, sind die Frauen zuverlässig gegen Röteln bzw. eine eventuelle Rötelnembryopathie in der Frühschwangerschaft geschützt. Eine Antikörperkontrolle wird in diesem Fall nicht empfohlen. Fehlende Impfungen sollen vor der Schwangerschaft entsprechend den STIKO-Empfehlungen verabreicht werden. In der Schwangerschaft soll bei fehlendem oder unklarem Impfschutz eine Antikörperkontrolle durchgeführt werden. Der Röteln-IgG Befund soll in Abhängigkeit vom Impfstatus interpretiert werden. Eine akzidentelle Rötelnimpfung in der Frühschwangerschaft hat keine negativen Konsequenzen für das Kind. Ein Röteln-IgM Befund bei Rötelnverdacht in der Frühschwangerschaft muss labordiagnostisch abgesichert werden und ist alleine nicht beweisend für eine intrauterine Infektion.

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  1. Nationales Referenzzentrum für Masern, Mumps, Röteln, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland

    Annette Mankertz

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    Mankertz, A. (2014). Röteln. In: S2k-Leitlinie - Labordiagnostik schwangerschaftsrelevanter Virusinfektionen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43481-9_9

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43481-9_9

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