Abstract
All modern computers use classical computation, which consists of a series of rules and programmable algorithms based on elementary mathematical operations that are performed in a binary basis. The binary basis has only two numbers, 0 and 1, which constitute the two possible logical values of the elementary unit of classical information, called the bit. A bit has physical reality. In classical computers it is identified with the charge of a capacitor (0 = charged capacitor, 1 = discharged capacitor) or with the voltage state of a field-transistor implemented in the silicon technology (0 = low voltage, 1 = high voltage), the speed of computation depending on the switching time of the transistor between the 0 and 1 states. Tens of millions of transistors are used to implement programmable microprocessors that perform complicated logical tasks and various mathematical operations with data streams of a few GB/s, which correspond to switching times of field transistors of less than 1 ns. This switching time will probably decrease in the next ten years up to the impressive value of 1 ps. Is it possible to further increase the speed of computation and, if so, is this a problem for physicists?
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Dragoman, D., Dragoman, M. (2004). Analogies Between Quantum and Classical Computing. In: Quantum-Classical Analogies. The Frontiers Collection. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09647-5_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09647-5_9
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