Abstract
The growth of whole plants or of plant parts is frequently used as an easily measurable parameter to monitor the effects of various stressors. Changes in growth are often the first and most obvious reactions of plants under stress. In particular, those organs that have the first direct contact with noxious substances, normally the roots in contaminated soils, show rapid and sensitive changes in their growth characteristics (Baker and Walker 1989).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adalsteinsson S (1994) Compensatory root growth in winter wheat: effects of copper exposure on root geometry and nutrient distribution. J Plant Nutr 17: 1501 - 1512
Adriano DC (1986) Trace elements in the terrestrial environment. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Aller AJ, Bernal JL, del Nozal MJ, Deban L (1990) Effects of selected trace elements on plant growth. J Sci Food Agric 51: 447 - 479
Antonovics J, Bradshaw AD, Turner RG (1971) Heavy metal tolerance in plants. Adv Ecol Res 7: 185
Arduini I, Godbold DL, Onnis A (1995) Influence of copper on root growth and morphology of Pinus pinea L. and Pinus pinaster Ait. seedlings. Tree Physiol 15: 411 - 415
Ares A, Hwang SG, Miyasaka SC (1996) Taro response to different iron levels in hydroponic solution. J Plant Nutr 19: 281 - 292
Arianoutsou M, Rundel PW, Berry WL (1993) Serpentine endemics as biological indicators of soil element concentrations. In: Markert B (ed) Plants as biomonitors. VCH, Weinheim, pp 179 - 189
Baker AJM, Brooks RR (1989) Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements -a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry. Biorecovery 1: 81 - 126
Baker AJM, Walker PL (1989) Physiological responses of plants to heavy metals and the quantification of tolerance and toxicity. Chem Speciation Bioavail 1: 7 - 17
Berry WL, Wallace A (1981) Toxicity: the concept and relationship to the dose response curve. J Plant Nutr 3: 13 - 19
Bingham FT, Page AL (1975) Cadmium accumulation by economic crops. Proceedings of the international conference on heavy metals in the environment, Toronto, pp 433 - 441
Blackman VH (1919) The compound interest law and plant growth. Ann Bot 33: 353 - 360
Blair LM, Taylor GJ (1997) The nature of interaction between aluminum and manganese on growth and metal accumulation in Triticum aestivum. Environ Exp Bot 37: 25 - 37
Bollard EG (1983) Involvement of unusual elements in plant growth and nutrition. In: Läuchli A, Bieleski RL (eds) Encyclopedia of plant physiology, new series, vol 15B. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 695 - 755
Brown MT, Wilkins DA (1985) Zinc tolerance of mycorrhizal Betula. New Phytol 99: 101 - 106
Brune A, Urbach W, Dietz KJ (1994) Compartmentation and transport of zinc in barley primary leaves as basic mechanisms involved in zinc tolerance. Plant Cell Environ 17: 153 - 162
Brunner I, Frey B (2000) Detection and localization of aluminium and heavy metals in ectomycorrhizal Norway spruce seedlings. Environ Pollut 108: 121 - 128
Cakmak S, Gülüt KY, Marschner H, Graham RD (1994) Effect of zinc and iron deficiency on phytosiderophore release in wheat genotypes differing in zinc efficiency. J Plant Nutr 17: 1 - 17
Causton DR (1991) Plant growth analysis: the variability of relative growth rate within a sample. Ann Bot 67: 137 - 144
Causton DR, Venus JC (1981) The biometry of plant growth. Arnold, London
Chaoui A, Ghorbal MH, Ferjani EE (1997) Effects of cadmium-zinc interactions on hydroponically grown bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Sci 126: 21 - 28
Chiariello NR, Mooney HA, Williams K (1989) Growth, carbon allocation and cost of plant tissues. In: Pearcy RW, Ehleringer J, Mooney HA, Rundel PW (eds) Plant physiological ecology. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 327 - 365
Cieslinski G, Neilsen GH, Hogue EJ (1996) Effect of soil cadmium application and pH on growth and cadmium accumulation in roots, leaves and fruit of strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Plant Soil 180: 267 - 276
Cocker KM, Evans DE, Hodson MJ (1998) The amelioration of aluminium toxicity by silicon in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): malate exudation as evidence for an in planta mechanism. Planta 204: 318 - 323
De Varennes A, Torres MO, Coutinho JF, Rocha MMGS, Neto MMPM (1996) Effects of heavy metals on the growth and mineral composition of a nickel hyperaccumulator. J Plant Nutr 19: 669 - 676
Derome J, Lindroos A-J (1998a) Effects of heavy metal contamination on macronutrient availability and acidification parameters in forest soil in the vicinity of the Harjavalta Cu-Ni smelter, SW Finland. Environ Pollut 99: 141-148
Derome J, Lindroos A-J (1998b) Copper and nickel mobility in podzolic forest soils subjected to heavy metal and sulphur deposition in western Finland. Chemosphere 36: 1131 - 1136
Doncheva S (1998) Copper-induced alterations in structure and proliferation of maize root meristem cells. J Plant Physiol 153: 482 - 487
Dong B, Rengel Z, Graham RD (1995) Root morphology of wheat genotypes differing in zinc efficiency. J Plant Nutr 18: 2761 - 2773
Ebbs SD, Kochian LV (1997) Toxicity of zinc and copper to Brassica species: implications for phytoremediation. J Environ Qual 26: 776 - 781
Egli M, Fitze P, Oswald M (1999) Changes in heavy metal contents in and acidic forest soil affected by depletion of soil organic matter within the time span 1969-93. Environ Pollut 105: 367 - 379
El-Bassam N (1978) Spurenelemente: Nährstoffe und Gift zugleich. Kali-Briefe (Büntehof) 14: 255 - 272
Ernst WHO, Schat H, Verkleij JAC (1990) Evolutionary biology of metal resistance in Silene vulgaris. Evol Trends Plants 4: 45 - 50
Espen L, Pirovano L, Cocucci SM (1997) Effects of Nie+ during the early phases of radish (Raphanus sativus) seed germination. Environ Exp Bot 38: 187 - 197
Evans GC (1972) The quantitative analysis of plant growth. Blackwell, Oxford
Faber BA, Zasoski RJ, Burau RG, Uriu K (1990) Zinc uptake by corn as affected by vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizae. Plant Soil 129: 121 - 130
Fellenberg G (1981) Pflanzenwachstum. Fische, Stuttgart
Foy CD, Chaney RL, White MC (1978) The physiology of metal toxicity in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 29: 511 - 566
Fuhrer J (1983) Phytotoxic effects of cadmium in leaf segments of Avena sativa L., and the protective role of calcium. Experientia 39: 525 - 526
Gabbrielli R, Pandolfini T, Vergnano O, Palandri MR (1990) Comparison of two serpentine species with different nickel tolerance strategies. Plant Soil 122: 271 - 277
Ganmore-Neumann R, Bar-Yosef B, Shanzer A, Libman J (1992) Enhanced iron ( Fe) uptake by synthetic siderophores in corn roots. J Plant Nutr 15: 1027-1037
Garland CJ, Wilkins DA (1981) Effect of calcium on the uptake and toxicity of lead in Hordeum vulgare L. and Festuca ovina L. New Phytol 87: 581 - 593
Gerendas J, Sattelmacher B (1997) Significance of Ni supply for growth, urease activity and the concentrations of urea, amino acids and mineral nutrients of urea-grown plants. Plant Soil 190: 153 - 162
Gonzalez A, Lynch JP (1997) Effects of manganese toxicity on leaf CO2 assimilation of contrasting common bean genotypes. Physiol Plant 101: 872 - 880
Göransson A (1993) Growth and nutrition of small Betula pendula plants at different relative addition rates of iron. Trees 8: 31 - 38
Gries D, Runge M (1995) Responses of calcicole and calcifuge Poaceae species to iron-limiting conditions. Bot Acta 108: 482 - 489
Gries EG, Wagner GJ (1998) Association of nickel versus transport of cadmium and calcium in tonoplast vesicles of oat roots. Planta 204: 390 - 396
Griffioen WAJ, Ietswaart JH, Ernst WHO (1994) Mycorrhizal infection of an Agrostis capillaris population on a copper contaminated soil. Plant Soil 158: 83 - 89
Guerinot ML, Yi Y (1994) Iron: nutritious, noxious, and not readily available. Plant Physiol 104: 815 - 820
Gupta M, Cuypers A, Vangronsveld J, Clijsters H (1999) Copper affects the enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and its related metabolites in the roots of Phaseolus vulgaris. Physiol Plant 106: 262 - 267
Gussarsson M (1994) Cadmium-induced alterations in nutrient composition and growth of Betula pendula seedlings: the significance of fine roots as a primary target for cadmium toxicity. J Plant Nutr 17: 2151 - 2163
Hagemeyer J (1990) Ökophysiologische Untersuchungen zur Salz-und Cadmiumresistenz von Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. (Tamaricaceae). Diss Bot 155: 1 - 194
Hagemeyer J, Breckle SW (1996) Growth under trace element stress. In: Waisel Y, Eshel A, Kafkafi U (eds) Plant roots: the hidden half, 2nd edn. Dekker, New York, pp 415 - 433
Haghiri F (1973) Cadmium uptake by plants. J Environ Qual 2: 93 - 96
Harper FA, Smith SE, Macnair MR (1997) Where is the cost in copper tolerance in Mimulus guttatus? Testing the trade-off hypothesis. Funct Ecol 11: 764 - 774
Hartley J, Cairney JWG, Meharg AA (1997) Do ectomycorrhizal fungi exhibit adaptive tolerance to potentially toxic metals in the environment? Plant Soil 189: 303 - 319
Hodgson JF, Lindsay WL, Trierweiler JF (1966) Micronutrient cation complexing in soil solution. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 30: 723 - 726
Hunt R (1990) Basic growth analysis. Hyman, London
Inouhe M, Ninomiya S, Tohoyama H, Joho M, Murayama T (1994) Different characteristics of roots in the cadmium-tolerance and Cd-binding complex formation between mono-and dicotyledonous plants. J Plant Res 107: 201 - 207
Jones MD, Hutchinson TC (1986) The effect of mycorrhizal infection on the response of Betula papyrifera to nickel and copper. New Phytol 102: 429 - 442
Klap JM, Oude Voshaar JH, de Vries W, Erisman JW (2000) Effects of environmental stress on forest crown condition in Europe. IV. Statistical analysis of relationships. Water Air Soil Pollut 119: 387-420
Klucas RV, Hanus FJ, Russell SA (1983) Nickel. A micronutrient element for hydrogen-dependent growth of Rhizobium japonicum and for expression of urease activity in soybean leaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 2253 - 2257
Köhl KI (1997) Do Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. ecotypes from metalliferous soils and non-metalliferous soils differ in growth response under Zn stress? A comparison by a new artificial soil method. J Exp Bot 48: 1959 - 1967
Kozlov MV, Haukioja E, Bakhtiarov AV, Stroganov DN, Zimina SN (2000) Root versus canopy uptake of heavy metals by birch in an industrial polluted area: contrasting behaviour of nickel and copper. Environ Pollut 107: 413 - 420
Kozlowski TT (1973) Shedding of plant parts. Academic Press, New York
Kukkola E, Rautio P, Huttunen S (2000) Stress indications in copper-and nickel-exposed Scots pine seedlings. Environ Exp Bot 43: 197 - 210
Langheinrich U, Tischner R, Godbold DL (1992) Influence of a high Mn supply on Norway spruce (Picea abies ( L.) Karst.) seedlings in relation to the nitrogen source. Tree Physiol 10: 259-271
Lidon FC, da Graca Barreiro M, Santos Henriques F (1995) Interactions between biomass production and ethylene biosynthesis in copper-treated rice. J Plant Nutr 18: 1301 - 1314
Liu D, Jiang W, Guo L, Hao Y, Lu C, Zhao F (1994) Effects of nickel sulfate on root growth and nucleoli in root tip cells of Allium cepa. Isr J Plant Sci 42: 143 - 148
Macnair MR (1983) The genetic control of copper tolerance in the yellow monkey flower, Mimulus guttatus. Heredity 50: 283 - 293
Macnair MR, Smith SE, Cumbes QJ (1993) Heritability and distribution of variation in degree of copper tolerance in Mimulus guttatus at Copperopolis, California. Heredity 71: 445-455
Mälkönen E, Derome J, Fritze H, Helmisaari H-S, Kukkola M, Kytö M, Saarsalmi A, Salemaa M (1999) Compensatory fertilization of Scots pine stands polluted by heavy metals. Nutr Cycling Agroecosyst 55: 239 - 268
Marschner H (1986) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, London
Marschner H, Römheld V (1996) Root-induced changes in the availability of micronutrients in the rhizosphere. In: Waisel Y, Eshel A, Kafkafi U (eds) Plant roots: the hidden half, 2nd edn. Dekker, New York, pp 557 - 579
Maynard DN (1979) Nutritional disorders of vegetable crops. A review. J Plant Nutr 1: 1 - 23
Menezes de Sequeira E, Pinto da Silva AR (1992) Ecology of serpentinized areas of north-east Portugal. In: Roberts A, Proctor J (eds) The ecology of areas with serpentinized rocks. A world view. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 169 - 197
Mengel K, Kirby EA (1987) Principles of plant nutrition. International Potash Institute, Berne Morrison RS, Brooks RR, Reeves RD (1980) Nickel uptake by Alyssum species. Plant Sci Lett 17: 451457
Mortvedt JJ, Giordano PM, Lindsay NL (eds) (1972) Micronutrients in agriculture. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI
Moya JL, Ros R, Picazo I (1995) Heavy metal-hormone interactions in rice plants: effects on growth, net photosynthesis, and carbohydrate distribution. J Plant Growth Regul 14: 61 - 67
Nagy L, Proctor J (1997) Plant growth and reproduction on a toxic alpine ultramafic soil: adaptation to nutrient limitation. New Phytol 137: 267 - 274
Nriagu JO (1980) Production, uses and properties of cadmium. In: Nriagu JO (ed) Cadmium in the environment, part I. Wiley, New York, pp 35 - 70
Ouariti O, Gouia H, Ghorbal MH (1997) Responses of bean and tomato plants to cadmium: growth, mineral nutrition, and nitrate reduction. Plant Physiol Biochem 35: 347 - 354
Ouzounidou G (1994a) Copper-induced changes on growth, metal content and photosynthetic function of Alyssum montanum L. plants. Environ Exp Bot 34: 165 - 172
Ouzounidou G (1994b) Root growth and pigment composition in relationship to element uptake in Silene compacta plants treated with copper. J Plant Nutr 17: 933 - 943
Ouzounidou G, Symeonidis L, Babalonas D, Karataglis S (1994) Comparative responses of a copper-tolerant and a copper-sensitive population of Minuartia hirsuta to copper toxicity. J Plant Physiol 144: 109 - 115
Ouzounidou G, Moustakas M, Eleftheriou EP (1997) Physiological and ultrastructural effects of cadmium on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 32: 154 - 160
Polacco JC (1977) Nitrogen metabolism in soybean tissue culture. II. Urea utilization and urease synthesis require Nie+. Plant Physiol 59: 827 - 830
Prasad MNV (1995) Cadmium toxicity and tolerance in vascular plants. Environ Exp Bot 35: 525 - 545
Rashid A, Rafique E, Bughio N, Yasin M (1997) Micronutrient deficiencies in rain fed calcareous soils of Pakistan. IV. Zinc nutrition of Sorghum. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 28: 455 - 467
Rengel Z (1992) Role of calcium in aluminium toxicity. New Phytol 121: 499 - 513
Ricken B, Häfner W (1996) Bedeutung der arbuskulären Mykorrhiza (AM) für die Schwermetalltoleranz von Luzerne (Medicago sativa L.) and Hafer (Avena sativa L.) auf einem klärschlammgedüngten Boden. Z Pflanzenernaehr Bodenkd 159: 189 - 194
Rigina O, Kozlov MV (2000) The impacts of air pollution on the northern taiga forests of the Kola peninsula, Russian federation. In: Innes JL, Oleksyn J (eds) Forest dynamics in heavily polluted regions. Report no 1 of the IUFRO task force on environmental change. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp 37 - 65
Roberts BA, Proctor J (eds) (1992) The ecology of areas with serpentinized rocks. A world view. Kluwer, Dordrecht
Roberts JA, Hooley R (1988) Plant growth regulators. Blackie, Glasgow
Rodenkirchen H, Roberts BA (1993) Soils and plant nutrition on a serpentinized ridge in south Germany. Z Pflanzenernaehr Bodenkd 156: 407 - 410
Römheld V, Marschner H (1990) Genotypical differences among graminaceous species in release of phytosiderophores and uptake of iron phytosiderophores. Plant Soil 123: 147 - 153
Rubio MI, Escrig I, Martinez-Cortina C, Lopez-Benet FJ, Sanz A (1994) Cadmium and nickel accumulation in rice plants. Effects of mineral nutrition and possible interactions of abscisic and gibberellic acids. Plant Growth Regul 14: 151-157
Samantaray S, Rout GR, Das P (1997) Manganese toxicity in Echinochloa colona: effects of divalent manganese on growth and development. Isr J Plant Sci 45: 9 - 12
Schaberg PG, Dehayes DH, Hawley GJ, Strimbeck GR, Cumming JR, Murakami PF, Borer CH (2000) Acid mist and soil Ca and Al alter the mineral nutrition and physiology of red spruce. Tree Physiol 20: 73 - 85
Schachtschabel P, Blume HP, Hartge KH, Schwertmann U (1984) Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde. Enke, Stuttgart
Sekimoto H, Hoshi M, Nomura T, Yokota T (1997) Zinc deficiency affects the levels of endogenous gibberellins in Zea mays L. Plant Cell Physiol 38: 1087 - 1090
Sibly RM, Calow P (1989) A life-cycle theory or responses to stress. Biol J Linn Soc 37: 101 - 116
Smolders E, Merckx R, Schoovaerts F, Vlassak K (1991) Continuous shoot growth monitoring in hydroponics. Physiol Plant 83: 83 - 92
Snowden RED, Wheeler BD (1993) Iron toxicity to fen plant species. J Ecol 81: 35 - 46
Stevenson FJ, Ardakani MS (1972) Organic matter reactions involving micronutrients in soils. In: Mortvedt JJ, Giordano PM, Lindsay NL (eds) Micronutrients in agriculture. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 79 - 114
Taylor GJ (1989) Maximum potential growth rate and allocation of respiratory energy as related to stress tolerance in plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 27: 605 - 611
Tolra RP, Poschenrieder C, Barcelo J (1996) Zinc hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens. I. Influence on growth and mineral nutrition. J Plant Nutr 19: 1531-1540
Tukendorf A, Skorzynska-Polit E, Baszynski T (1997) Homophytochelatin accumulation in Cdtreated runner bean plants is related to their growth stage. Plant Sci 129: 21 - 28
Utriainen MA, Kärenlampi LV, Kärenlampi SO, Schat H (1997) Differential tolerance to copper and zinc of micropropagated birches tested in hydroponics. New Phytol 137: 543 - 549
Van Tichelen KK, Vanstraelen T, Colpaert JV (1999) Nutrient uptake by intact mycorrhizal Pinys sylvestris seedlings: a diagnostic tool to detect copper toxicity. Tree Phys 19: 189 - 196
Vernon AJ, Allison JCS (1963) A method of calculating net assimilation rate. Nature 200: 814
Vesk PA, Nockolds CE, Allaway WG (1999) Metal localization in water hyacinth roots from an urban wetland. Plant Cell Environ 22: 149 - 158
Waisel Y (1996) Aeroponics: a tool for root research. In: Waisel Y, Eshel A, Kafkafi U (eds) Plant roots: the hidden half, 2ndLedn. Dekker, New York, pp 239 - 245
Wallace A, Romney EM (1977) Synergistic trace metal effects in plants. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 8: 699 - 707
Wallace A, Romney EM, Mueller RT, Alexander GV (1980) Calcium-trace metal interactions in soybean plants. J Plant Nutr 2: 79 - 86
Wallnöfer PR, Engelhardt G (1984) Schadstoffe, die aus dem Boden aufgenommen werden. In: Hock B, Elstner EF (eds) Pflanzentoxikologie. BI-Wissenschaftsverlag, Mannheim, pp 95 - 117
Watmough SA, Hutchinson TC, Evans RD (1999) The distribution of 67Zn and 207Pb applied to white spruce foliage at ambient concentrations under different pH regimes. Environ Exp Bot 41: 83 - 92
Welch RM (1981) The biological significance of nickel. J Plant Nutr 3: 345 - 356
Wilcox HE (1996) Mycorrhizae. In: Waisel Y, Eshel A, Kafkafi U (eds) Plant roots: the hidden half, 2nd edn. Dekker, New York, pp 689 - 721
Wilkinson DM, Dickinson NM (1995) Metal resistance in trees: the role of mycorrhizae. Oikos 72: 298 - 300
Wilson JB (1988) The cost of heavy-metal tolerance: an example. Evolution 42: 408 - 413
Winterhalder K (2000) Landscape degradation by smelter emissions near Sudbury, Canada, and subsequent amelioration and restoration. In: Innes JL, Oleksyn J (eds) Forest dynamics in heavily polluted regions. Report no. 1 of the IUFRO task force on environmental change. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp 87 - 119
Yilmaz A, Ekiz H, Torun B, Gültekin I, Karanlik S, Bagci SA, Cakmak I (1997) Effect of different zinc application methods on grain yield and zinc concentration in wheat cultivars grown on zinc-deficient calcareous soils. J Plant Nutr 20: 461 - 471
Zenk MH (1996) Heavy metal detoxification in higher plants—a review. Gene 179: 21 - 30
Zornoza P, Robles S, Martin N (1999) Alleviation of nickel toxicity by ammonium supply to sunflower plants. Plant and Soil 208: 221 - 226
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hagemeyer, J. (2004). Ecophysiology of Plant Growth Under Heavy Metal Stress. In: Prasad, M.N.V. (eds) Heavy Metal Stress in Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07743-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07743-6_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07268-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-07743-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive