Abstract
The area covered by Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and woodlands has been reported to amount to 8.5 Gha, with biomass of 50 Gt and a total productivity of 6 Gt (Whittaker and Likens 1975). Mediterranean-type ecosystems occur in five different regions of the world, all between a latitude of 30° and 40°. In the Northern Hemisphere they occur around the Mediterranean Sea and the coastline of California (USA), while in the Southern Hemisphere they occur in the Cape region of South Africa, the southwestern part of Australia, and the Chilean coastline (Mooney et al. 1974; Miller 1981a; Hobbs et al. 1995).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aubinet M, Grelle A, Ibrom A, Rannik U, Moncrieff J, Foken T, Kowalski AS, Martin PH, Berbigier P, Bernhofer C, Clement R, Elbers J, Granier A, Grunwald T, Morgenstern K, Pilegaard K, Rebmann C, Snijders W, Valenini R, Vesala T (2000) Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: the EUROFLUX methodology. Adv Ecol Res 30:113–175
Benedetti A, Alianello F, DelPOrco S, Pinzari F, Trinchera A (1995) Impact of different xenobiotic factors on soil fertility (in Italian). II. Seminario Tenuta Presidenziale di Castelporziano, 12 Mar 1995
Bruno F, Gratani L, Manes F (1977) Primi dati sulla biomassa e produttività délia lecceta di Castelporziano (Roma): biomassa e produzione di Q. ilex. Ann Bot XXXV–VI:109–117
Davis GD, Richardson DM (eds) (1995) Mediterranean-type ecosystems: the function of biodiversity. Ecological studies 109. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Dore S, Muratore G, Tirone G (1997) Soil C02 emission, comparison between a beech and a oak forest (in Italian). In: Borghetti M, Scarascia Mugnozza G. (eds) Atti del I convegno délia SISEF La ricerca italiana per le foreste e la selvicoltura 4–6 giugno 1997
Legnaro Dore S, Muratore G, Tirone G (1998) Emissioni di anidride carbonica dal suolo: con-fronto tra una faggeta e una lecceta. Atti I congresso SISEF: la ricerca italiana per le foreste e la selvicoltura, Legnano (PD), pp 57–62
Dore S (1999) Carbon and energy exchanges in forest ecosystems: comparison of three different study cases. PhD Thesis (in Italian), University of Padova, Italy
Falge E, Baldocchi D, Olson R, Anthoni P, Aubinet M, Berhofer C, Burba G, Ceulemans R, Clement R, Dolman H, Granier A et al (2001) Gap filling strategies for defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange. Agric For Meteorol 107:43–69
Fioravanti R (1999) Produttività ed allocazione della biomassa in una lecceta della Tenuta Presidenziale di Castelporziano. Université degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Tesi di laurea
Gigon A (1979) C02-gas exchange, water relations and convergence of mediterranean shrub-types from California and Chile. Oecol Plant 14:129–150
Gratani L, Crescente MF (1994) Economia nelPuso delle risorse delle specie sempreverdi mediterranee. Atti V colloquio su Approcci metodologici per la defînizione delPam-biente fisico e biologico mediterraneo
Gratani L, Marzi P, Crescente MF (1992) Morphological adaptions of Q. ilex leaves in Castelporziano forests. Vegetatio 99/100:83–96
Greco S (1998) Analisi degli scambi gassosi e di energia di una biocenosi a Q. ilex. Université degli Studi di Padova, Tesi di dottorato
Grelle A, Lindroth A (1996) Eddy-correlation system for long term monitoring of fluxes of heat, water vapor and C02. Global Change Biol 2:297–307
Hobbs RJ, Richardson DM, Davis GW (1995) Mediterranean-type ecosystems: opportunities and constraints for studying the function of biodiversity. In: Richardson DM, Davis GW (eds) Mediterranean-type ecosystems. The function of biodiversity. Ecological studies 109. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 1–42
Jarvis PG, McNaughton KG (1986) Stomatal control of transpiration: scaling up from leaf to region. Adv Ecol Res 15:1–49
Kalin Arroyo MT, Zedier PH, Fox MD (eds) (1995) Ecology and biogeography of Mediterranean ecosystems in Chile, California and Australia. Ecological studies 109. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 455 pp
Kruger FJ, Michell DT, Jarvis JUM (eds) (1983) Mediterranean-type ecosystems: the role of nutrients. Ecological studies 43. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 450 pp
Kummerow J, Montenegro G, Krause D (1981) Biomass, phenology and growth. In: Miller PC (ed) Resource use by chaparral and matorral. Ecological studies 39. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 69–96
Lucchese F, Pignatti S, (1990) Overview of the coastal Lazio vegetation (in Italian). Accad Nazionale Lincei 264:5–48
Matteucci G, De Angelis P, Dore S, Masci A, Valentini R, Scarascia Mugnozza G (1999) Il bilancio del carbonio nelle faggete: dalPalbero alPecosistema. Ecologia strutturale e funzionale di faggete italiane. Scarascia Mugnozza, Edagricole, pp 133–181
Miglietta F, Peressotti A (1999) Summer drought reduces carbon fluxes in Mediterranean forest. Global Change Newsl 39:15–16
Miller PC (1981a) Conceptual basis and organization of research. In: Miller PC (ed) Resource use by chaparral and matorral. Ecological studies 39. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 1–15
Miller PC (ed) (1981b) Resource use by chaparral and matorral. Ecological studies 39. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 400 pp
Moncrieff JB, Massheder JM, de Bruin H, Elbers J, Friborg T, Heusinkveld B, Kabat P, Scott S, Soegaard H, Verhoef A (1997) A system to measure superface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, water vapor and carbon dioxide. J Hydrol 188/189:589–611
Mooney HA, Parsons DJ, Kummerow J (1974) Plant development in Mediterranean climates. In: Lieth H (ed) Phenology and seasonality modelling. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 255–267
Moreno JM, Oechel WC (eds) (1995) Global change and Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Ecological studies 117. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 527 pp
Muratore G (1998) Studio dell’emissione di C02 dal suolo: il caso della lecceta di Castelporziano. Université degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Tesi di laurea, pp 60–66
Naveh Z (1987) Landscape ecology, management and conservation of European and Levant Mediterranean uplands. In: Tenhunen JD, Catarino FM, Lange OL, Oechel WC (eds) Plant response to stress. Functional analysis in Mediterranean ecosystems. NATO ASI Series G.15. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 641–657
Quezel P (1979) “Matorrals” méditerranéens et “Chaparrals” californiens. Quelques aspects comparatifs de leur dynamique, de leurs structures et de leur signification écologique. Ann Sci Orest 36:1–12
Richardson D.M, Davis GW (eds) Mediterranean-type ecosystems. The function of biodiversity. Ecological studies 109. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 367 pp
Romane F, Terradas J (eds) (1992) Quercus ilex L. ecosystems: function, dynamics and management. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 280 pp
Ruimy A, Jarvis PG, Baldocchi DD, Saugier B (1995) C02 fluxes over plant canopy and solar radiation: a review. Adv Ecol Res 26:1–64
Susmel L, Viola F, Bassato A (1970) Ecologia della lecceta del Supramonte di Orgosolo. Estratto Annali di Economia Montana delle Venezie, vol X
Tenhunen JD, Catarino FM, Lange OL, Oechel WC (eds) (1987) Plant response to stress. Functional analysis in Mediterranean ecosystems. NATO ASI Series G.15. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 668 pp
Tirone G, Valentini R, Dore S (2000) Variazioni stagionali e annuali dei flussi di carbonio di un ecosistema forestale mediterraneo della Tenuta Presidenziale di Castel-porziano. Atti 11° congresso SISEF: applicazioni e prospettive per la ricerca forestale italiana, Bologna, 21–24 Oct 1999, pp 381–385
Valentini R, Scarascia Mugnozza G, De Angelis P, Bimbi R (1991a) Carbon dioxide and water vapour exchanges of a Mediterranean macchia canopy. Plant Cell Environ 14:1–8
Valentini R, Scarascia Mugnozza G, De Angelis P, Bimbi R (1991b) An experimental test of the eddy correlation technique over Mediterranean macchia canopy. Plant Cell Environ 14:987–994
Valentini R, Baldocchi DD, Thenunen JD (1999) Ecological controls on land-surface atmospheric interaction. In: Thenunen JD, Kabat P (eds) Integrating hydrology, ecosystem dynamic and biochemistry in complex landscape. Dahlem Workshop Reports, Chichester, pp 117–146
Whittaker RH, Likens GE (1975) The biosphere and man. In: Lieth H, Whittaker RH (eds) Primary productivity of the biosphere. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 305–328
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tirone, G., Dore, S., Matteucci, G., Greco, S., Valentini, R. (2003). Evergreen Mediterranean Forests. Carbon and Water Fluxes, Balances, Ecological and Ecophysiological Determinants. In: Valentini, R. (eds) Fluxes of Carbon, Water and Energy of European Forests. Ecological Studies, vol 163. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05171-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05171-9_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07848-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-05171-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive