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Anatomy and Histology of Roots and Root-Soil Boundary

  • Chapter
Root Methods

Abstract

Growing roots undergo many anatomical and morphological changes, which influence their activity and nutrient uptake processes. Therefore, it is often necessary to obtain structural information on the inner (anatomy and histology) and outer (morphology) parts of roots. This chapter gives an overview of methods to obtain information on anatomical and histological as well as morphological (root hairs and mycorrhiza) properties of roots. The methods applied for the study of root anatomy do not, generally, differ from methods used for the study of plant stems and leaves. Methods can thus be found in general laboratory books and manuals (Johansen 1940; Sass 1961; Jensen 1962; Purvis et al. 1964; O’Brien and McCully 1981; Neergaard 1997). Before a root specimen and a thin section of root-soil boundary can be investigated under a microscope it has to pass along a chain of processes which include sampling, killing and fixing, embedding, sectioning, and staining. Details of these processes depend on whether light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is to be used. For LM and TEM, histochemical or immunological tests may be applied additionally if the purpose is to demonstrate the presence of certain compounds in cells or tissues. SEM deviates from the other two mentioned with the exception of initial fixation steps and will be treated in a separate section. Squash techniques for chromosome studies, most often carried out on root tips, are also dealt with separately. Information on the anatomy of roots can be sought in books on plant anatomy (Esau 1965, 1977; Guttenberg 1968; Mauseth 1988; Fahn 1990) and root physiology (Luxovâ and Ciamporovâ 1989).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark

    E. de Neergaard & O. B. Lyshede

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Nutrition and Soil Fertility Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark

    T. S. Gahoonia

  3. AgResearch, Grasslands Division, Ruakura Agriculture Research Centre, Private Bag, 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand

    D. Care

  4. School of Applied Sciences, University of Glamorgen, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgen, CF37 1DL, UK

    J. E. Hooker

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Research International (Wageningen UR), Postbus 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Albert L. Smit  & Siebe C. van de Geijn  & 

  2. Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI) Invergowie, DD2 5DA, Dundee, UK

    A. Glyn Bengough

  3. Institute of Geosciences, Department of Agroecology, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany

    Christof Engels

  4. ICRAF, JI CIFOR, PO Box 161, Situ Gede Sindang Barang Bogor 16680, 16001, Bogor, Indonesia

    Meine van Noordwijk

  5. INRA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourleaux, B.P. 81, 33883, Villenave d’Ornon, France

    Sylvain Pellerin

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de Neergaard, E., Lyshede, O.B., Gahoonia, T.S., Care, D., Hooker, J.E. (2000). Anatomy and Histology of Roots and Root-Soil Boundary. In: Smit, A.L., Bengough, A.G., Engels, C., van Noordwijk, M., Pellerin, S., van de Geijn, S.C. (eds) Root Methods. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04188-8_2

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