Zusammenfassung
Die weltweite COVID-19 Pandemie betrifft alle Bereiche des täglichen Lebens und führt uns den Stellenwert von Gesund sein und bleiben in einer Weise vor Augen, wie wir es im westlichen Europa schon lange nicht mehr gewohnt sind. Verschiedene Faktoren haben auf die Schwere des Krankheitsverlaufs von COVID-19 einen Einfluss: die Ernährung ist einer davon. Ernährungsphysiologisch betrachten wir dabei insbesondere die vielfältigen Facetten, mit denen das Immunsystem den Krankheitsverlauf beeinflusst. Die heutige Ernährungssituation ist geprägt von einem sehr guten und breiten Angebot an Lebensmitteln und einer damit einhergehenden weitgehend guten Nährstoffversorgung. Die westliche Ernährungsweise mit zum Teil über dem Bedarf liegender Energiezufuhr, hohem Anteil verarbeiteter Lebensmittel, hohem Konsum gesüßter Getränke und Alkohol bringt jedoch auch Herausforderungen mit sich. Besonders das gehäufte Auftreten von Adipositas geht mit stillen subklinischen Entzündungen einher, die das Immunsystem schwächen. Trotz Lebensmittelüberversorgung hat das Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ernährung & Lebensmittel in Karlsruhe in der Nationalen Verzehrstudie (NVS 2) ermittelt, dass die Abweichungen von den Empfehlungen bei den Vitaminen bei 30 % bis zu 90 % (Vitamin D) Unterversorgung liegen. So eine suboptimale Versorgung in Teilen der Bevölkerung kann sich nachteilig auf die optimale Immunfunktion auswirken. Im Verlauf der Corona-Pandemie zeigt sich, dass der Ernährungsstatus Einfluss auf den Krankheitsverlauf von COVID-19 haben kann. Im Nachgang der Pandemie könnte es eine Chance sein, gesundheitspolitische Maßnahmen die teilweise schon lange gefordert sind und der Über- und Fehlernährung entgegenwirken sollen, mit Nachdruck zu implementieren.
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Notes
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- 2.
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=Covid+19+Vitamin+c&Search=Search. Zugegriffen am 10.05.2021.
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Römmele, P., Schoppen, S. (2022). Ökotrophologie: Die Corona-Pandemie und der Risikofaktor Ernährung. In: Klimczak, P., Newiak, D., Petersen, C. (eds) Corona und die anderen Wissenschaften. ars digitalis. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36903-3_10
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