Zusammenfassung
Angesichts der zunehmenden Bedeutung von Klimawandel, Umweltschutz und Nachhaltigkeit kommt Parteien als zentralen Akteuren des politischen Systems eine besondere Bedeutung zu. So stellte Jahn in „The Politics of Environmental Performance“ fest, dass es eines „grüner“ werdenden Agenda Setters in der Regierung bedarf, um Verbesserungen der Umweltperformanz herbeizuführen. Im Sinne der Easton’schen Rückkopplungsschleife schließt dieser Beitrag an die Analyse Jahns an und geht der Frage nach, wie ein Bedeutungszuwachs ökologischer Standpunkte in Wahlprogrammen von Parteien erklärt werden kann, also jene Policy Moves die im Sinne seiner Analyse zur Verbesserung der Umweltbedingungen führen. Ausgehend von einer systemtheoretischen Perspektive auf Parteipositionen untersuchen wir den Einfluss konkurrierender Parteien, korporatistischer Arrangements, neuer sozialer Bewegungen, des Medianwählers und des unvermittelten Umweltproblemdrucks auf die ideologische Veränderung von 150 Parteien in 20 OECD-Staaten zwischen 1981 und 2012 auf einer Ökologie vs. Ökonomie-Dimension. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der inhärenten Logik des Parteienwettbewerbs samt Medianwähler eine bedeutende Rolle zufällt. Eine schlechte Umweltperformanz bzw. eine massive Verschlechterung selbiger sorgen indes dafür, dass Parteien in der Tat „grüner“ werden. Problematisch aber ist, dass eine (starke) Verbesserung für nachlassenden Problemdruck sorgt und Parteien sich (wieder) verstärkt ökonomischen Positionen zuwenden – eine nachhaltige Verbesserung der Umwelt ist somit schwerlich zu erwarten.
Nils Düpont arbeitet als PostDoc im SFB 1342 „Globale Entwicklungsdynamiken von Sozialpolitik“ an der Universität Bremen; Martin Rachuj ist Bogislaw Fellow an der Universität Greifswald.
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Notes
- 1.
Diese sind: Australien, Österreich, Belgien, Kanada, Dänemark, Finnland, Frankreich, Deutschland, Griechenland, Irland, Italien, Niederlande, Neuseeland, Norwegen, Portugal, Spanien, Schweden, Schweiz, Großbritannien, und die USA. Wir schließen hierbei Japan aus, weil es „really is a one-off case […], since it is the only instance of a country of non-European antecedents to become an advanced capitalist democracy “ (Castles 1998, S. 9).
- 2.
Siehe Meyer (2013, S. 225 ff.) für eine ausführliche Diskussion der mit der Datenstruktur einhergehenden Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten, ihnen zu begegnen.
- 3.
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Düpont, N., Rachuj, M. (2022). Ökologie vs. Ökonomie. Zum Einfluss von Umweltperformanz und Parteienwettbewerb auf „grüne“ Parteipositionen. In: Baltz, E., Kosanke, S., Pickel, S. (eds) Parties, Institutions and Preferences. Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35133-5_2
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