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Open-Source-Communities: Die soziotechnische Verstetigung kollektiver Invention

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Kollektivität und Macht im Internet

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen systematisierenden Überblick über Open-Source-Communities und ihre sozioökonomischen Kontexte. Zunächst erfolgt eine Rekonstruktion der Ausdifferenzierung quelloffener Softwareprojekte. Daran anknüpfend werden vier idealtypische Varianten derzeitiger Open-Source-Projekte voneinander abgegrenzt – von korporativ geführten Kollaborationsprojekten und elitezentrierten Gemeinschaften über heterarchisch angelegte Infrastrukturvorhaben bis hin zu egalitär ausgerichteten Gruppen. Anschließend wird aus technik- und organisationssoziologischer Sicht begründet, weshalb quelloffene Softwareprojekte ihre Formatierung als Gegenentwurf zur kommerziellen Produktion inzwischen verloren haben, aber im Unterschied zu früheren Spielarten der kollektiven Invention – also der gemeinschaftlichen Forschung und Entwicklung – über die Initialphase von Innovationsprozessen hinaus überlebensfähig geblieben sind. Quelloffene Lizenzen haben im Verbund mit den koordinationserleichternden Eigenschaften des Internets den soziotechnischen Rahmen für eine auf Dauer gestellte Form kollektiver Invention aufgespannt, die zunächst in subversiven Nischen Anwendung fand und danach von der Softwareindustrie adaptiert wurde. Heute sind Open-Source-Projekte zu einem festen Baustein der Innovationsstrategien aller etablierten Anbieter geworden.

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    Jan-Felix Schrape

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    Ulrich Dolata

  2. Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Jan-Felix Schrape

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Schrape, JF. (2018). Open-Source-Communities: Die soziotechnische Verstetigung kollektiver Invention. In: Dolata, U., Schrape, JF. (eds) Kollektivität und Macht im Internet. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17910-6_4

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