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Experimental Techniques

  • Chapter
Reflectance Spectroscopy

Abstract

To determine the “indicatrix” of a remitting surface (see p. 29) a goniophotometer can be used to measure the radiation flux at various angles of reflection and azimuths, for given (and usually variable) angles of incidence, a. Numerous such photometers have been described239. The older apparatus, naturally, works by the visual photometric principle of measurement with a reference beam. The accuracy of such measurements amounts, therefore — after removal of numerous possible systematic errors — to, at most, 1–2%. Frequently used, for example, was the well-known Pulfrich photometer of Zeiss, with suitable additional equipment240. The position of the sample relative to the optical axis of the photometer could be adjusted with the help of a vertical and a horizontal axis and could be read on the divided circles with a vernier to 1′. In this way a quarter of the indicatrix sphere could be measured. Also, the angle of incidence of the radiation could be changed by shifting the light source on a third axis. The insertion of a nicol prism allows measurements to be made with linearly polarized light. The sample is arranged to give an image on the measuring diaphragm of the Pulfrich photometer so that there is a structureless field of vision. This image then falls on a second nicol prism.

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  1. Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, 74 Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, Deutschland

    Professor Dr. Gustav Kortüm

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  1. Professor Dr. Gustav Kortüm
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Kortüm, G. (1969). Experimental Techniques. In: Reflectance Spectroscopy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88071-1_6

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