Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simulation of Psychological Processes: Basic Issues and an Illustration Within the Etiology of a Depressive Disorder

  • Chapter
Self-Organization and Clinical Psychology

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Synergetics ((SSSYN,volume 58))

Abstract

This contribution is subdivided into two parts. The first section surveys some of the common approaches used to simulate psychological processes by means of models implemented on the computer, (a) Parallel distributed processing and connectionism, (b) the concept of production systems, (c) semantic and propositional networks, (d) differences and differential equation sets and (e) cellular automata will be presented. In the second part, the concept of production systems will be used to simulate a concrete example of the development of a depressive disorder. The recursive nesting of seven relevant variables serves as the basis for this simulation. The variables were obtained by the detailed analysis of an individual case study. The simulation, formulated in 46 productions (IF-THEN rules) underwent extensive model testing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • ALLOY LB, CLEMENTS C, KOLDEN G (1985) The Cognitive Diathesis-Stress Theories of Depression: Therapeutic Implications. In: Reiss S, Bootzin RR (Eds): Theoretical Issues in Behavior Therapy. Academic Press, New York,pp 379–410

    Google Scholar 

  • ANDERSON JR (1980) Cognitive Psychology and its Implications. Freeman, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • ANDERSON JR (1983) The Architecture of Cognition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • BARTLETT FC (1932) Remembering. Cambridge University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • BISCHOF N (1985) Das Rätsel Ödipus. Piper, München

    Google Scholar 

  • COLLINS AM, LOFTUS EF (1975) A Spreading-activation Theory of Semantic Processing. Psychological Review 82, 407–428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • COLLINS AM, QUILLIAN MR (1972) Experiments on Semantic Memory and Language Comprehension. In: Gregg LW (Ed): Cognition and Learning. Wiley, London

    Google Scholar 

  • DÖRNER D, KREUZIG HW, REITHER F, STÄUDEL T (Hrsg) (1983) Lohhausen. Vom Umgang mit Unbestimmtheit und Komplexität. Huber, Bern

    Google Scholar 

  • EIGEN M, WINKLER R (1975) Das Spiel. Naturgesetze steuern den Zufall. Piper, München

    Google Scholar 

  • GRAWE K (1987) Psychotherapie als Entwicklungsstimulation von Schemata. Ein Prozeß mit nicht vorhersehbarem Ausgang. In: Caspar F (Hrsg): Problemanalyse in der Psychotherapie. Forum 13, dgvt, Tübingen: 72–87

    Google Scholar 

  • GROSSBERG S (1976) Adaptive Pattern Classification and Universal Recording: Part 1 Parallel Development and Coding of Neural Feature Detectors. Biological Cybernetics 23, 121–134

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • GROSSBERG S (1982) Studies of Mind and Brain. Reidel, München

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • HAKEN H (19833) Synergetics. An Introduction. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • HAUTZINGER M, DE JONG-MEYER R (1990) Depressionen. In: Reinecker H (Hrsg) Lehrbuch der Klinischen Psychologie Hogrefe, München, 126–165

    Google Scholar 

  • HAYES B (1988) Zelluläre Automaten. Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Sonderband Computern, S 60–67

    Google Scholar 

  • HEBB D O (1949) The Organization of Behavior. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • HOFFMANN J (1986) Die Welt der Begriffe. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • KUX F (1984) Über Erkennungsprozesse im menschlichen Gedächtnis. Zeitschrift für Psychologie 192, 18–46

    Google Scholar 

  • LASHLEY K (1950) In Search of the Engram. In: Hillman JR (Ed) Society of Experimental Biological Symposium No 4. Cambrige University Press, London, 478–505

    Google Scholar 

  • LEHNERT WG (1987) Possible Implications of Connectionism. Procedures of TINLAP-3, Las Cruces, pp 78–83

    Google Scholar 

  • LEWINSOHN PM (1974) A Behavioral Approach to Depression. In: Friedman RI, Katz MM (Eds) The Psychology of Depression: Contemporary Theory and Research. Wiley, Washington DC, pp 157–178

    Google Scholar 

  • LEWINSOHN PM, HOBERMAN HM, TERI L, HAUTZINGER M (1985) An integrative Theory of Depression. In: Reiss S, Bootzin RR (Eds): Theoretical Issues in Behavior Therapy. Academic Press, New York, pp 331–359

    Google Scholar 

  • MARR D, POGGIO T (1976) Cooperative Computation of Stereo Disparity. Science 194, pp 283–287

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • MCCULLOCH WS, PITTS W (1943) A logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity. Bulletin Mathematics Biophysics 5, pp 115–133

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • MINSKY M (1975) A Framework for Representing Knowledge. In: Winston PH (Ed), The Psychology of Computer Vision. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • MINSKY M, PAPERT S (1969) Perceptrons. MIT Press, Cambridge

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • MOWRER OH (1960) Learing Theory and Behavior. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • NEWELL A (1973) Production Systems: Models of Control Structure. In: Chase WG (Ed), Visual Information Processing. Academic Press, New York, pp 463–526

    Google Scholar 

  • OHLSEN S, LANGLEY P (1986) PRISM: Tutorial and Manual Technical Report. University of California Department of Information & Computer Science, Irvine

    Google Scholar 

  • POST EL (1943) Formal Reductions of the General Combinatorial Decision Problem. American Journal of Mathematics 65, pp 197–215

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • QUILLIAN MR (1966) Semantic Memory. Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • QUILLIAN MR (1969) The Teachable Language Comprehender. Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 12, pp 459–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • REICHERTS M (1988) Diagnostik der Belastungsverarbeitung. Huber, Bern

    Google Scholar 

  • REITER L (1988) Auf der Suche nach einer systemischen Sicht depressiver Störungen. In: Reiter L, Brunner EJ, Reiter-Theil S (Hrsg): Von der Familientherapie zur systemischen Perspektive. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • ROSENBLATT F (1959) Two Theorems of Statistical Separability in the Perceptron. In: Mechanisation of Thought Processes. Proceedings of a Symposium held at the National Physical Laboratory, Nov 1958, HM Stationary Office, London

    Google Scholar 

  • ROSENBLATT F (1962) Principles of Neurodynamics. Spartan, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • RUMELHART DE, MCCLELLAND JL, PDP RESEARCH GROUP (1986) Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Vol 1 Foundations. MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • SAUERS R, FARRELL R (1982) GRAPES User’s Manual. Carnegie-Mellon University Press, Pittsburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHANK R C, ABELSON R (1977) Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding. Erlbaum, Hillsdale

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • SCHIEPEK G (1986) Systemische Diagnostik in der klinischen Psychologie. Beltz, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHIEPEK G, SCHAUB H (1991) Als die Theorien laufen lernten. Ein Simulationsmodell zur Depressionsentwicklung. In: Schiepek G: Systemtheorie der klinischen Psychologie. Vieweg, Braunschweig, S 221–305

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHMALHOFER F, PLOSON P G (1986) A Production System Model for Human Problem Solving. Psychological Research 48, pp 133–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCHUSTER H G (1988) Deterministic Chaos. VCH, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • SEIFRITZ W (1987) Wacshtum, Rückkopplung ubd Chaos. Hauser, München

    Google Scholar 

  • SMITH EE, SHOBEN EJ, RIPS LJ (1974) Structure and Process in Semantic Memory A Featural Model for Semantic Decisions. Psychological Review 81, pp 214–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • STROHSCHNEIDER S, SCHAUB H (1991) Konnektionismus und kognitive Psychologie. Systeme, 2, S 132–152

    Google Scholar 

  • TOFFOLI T, MARGOLUS N (1987) Cellular Automata Machines. A New Environment for Modelling. MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • TSCHACHER W (1990) Interaktion in selbstorganisierten Systemen Asanger, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • TULVING E (1972) Episodic and Semantic Memory. In: Tulving E, Donaldson W (Eds). Organization of Memory. Academic Press, Cambridge, pp 381–403

    Google Scholar 

  • WEIZENBAUM J (1966) Eliza — A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication between Man and Machine. Communications of the ACM 9, pp 36–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WENDER FW (1988) Semantische Netze als Bestandteil gedächtnispsychologischer Theorien. In: Mandl H, Spada H (Hrsg), Wissenspsychologie. Psychologische Verlags-Union, München, S 55–73

    Google Scholar 

  • WITTCHEN UU, SASS H, ZAUDIG M, KOCHLER K (1989) Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual psychischer Störungen (DSM-III-R) der APA. Deutsche Übersetzung der dritten Auflage. Beltz, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • WOLFRAM S (1984) Universality and Complexity in Cellular Automata. Physica 10d; S 1–35

    Google Scholar 

  • ZINTERHOF P (1987) Mathematische Systemtheorie. In: Roth E (Hrsg). Sozial-wissenschaftliche Methoden. Oldenbourg, München, S 105–121

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Harald Schaub
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Günter Schiepek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sozialpsychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Murtenstraße 21, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland

    Wolfgang Tschacher

  2. Lehrstuhl für Klinische Psychologie, Universität Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, W-8600, Bamberg, Fed. Rep. of Germany

    Günter Schiepek

  3. Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft I, Universität Tübingen, Münzgasse 22-30, W-7400, Tübingen 1, Fed. Rep. of Germany

    Ewald Johannes Brunner

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schaub, H., Schiepek, G. (1992). Simulation of Psychological Processes: Basic Issues and an Illustration Within the Etiology of a Depressive Disorder. In: Tschacher, W., Schiepek, G., Brunner, E.J. (eds) Self-Organization and Clinical Psychology. Springer Series in Synergetics, vol 58. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77534-5_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77534-5_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-77536-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-77534-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation