Abstract
Surveys of forest condition have been undertaken in most European countries over a number of years. Patterns are beginning to emerge which do not support the theories of large-scale forest decline proposed in the early 1980s. Instead, forest condition apparently fluctuates from year to year, with the degree of fluctuation depending on a variety of factors. Individual trees may show substantial changes in condition from one year to the next which are not necessarily reflected in the overall national statistics (Hägi 1989; Innes and Boswell 1991), leading to problems of interpretation (Innes 1990a).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anon (1989) European Community Forest Health Report 1987–1988. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg
Anon (1990) European Community Forest Health Report 1989. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg
Anon (1991a) Forest damage and air pollution. Report of the 1989 forest damage survey in Europe. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva
Anon (1991b) Forestry Commission. 70th Annual report and accounts 1989–1990. HMSO, London
Dannatt N, Dewar J, Gibbs JN, Greig BJW, Patch D, Thompson DA (1989) Scale and nature of damage. In: Grayson A J (ed) The 1987 storm. Impacts and responses. Forestry Commission Bulletin 87. HMSO, London, pp 9–16
Hägi K (1989) Terristrische Waldschadeninventur. Eidgenöss Anst Forst Versuchswes, Birmensdorf, Ber 160:157–166
Innes JL (1987) The interpretation of international forest health data. In: Perry R, Harrison RM, Bell JNB, Lester JN (eds) Acid rain: scientific and technical advances. Selper, London, pp 633–640
Innes JL (1988) Forest health surveys: problems in assessing observer objectivity. Can J For Res 18:560–565
Innes JL (1990a) Some problems with the interpretation of international assessments of forest damage. In: Proc XIX IUFRO World Congr, Montreal, 5–11 Aug 1990. IUFRO, Montreal, pp 380–387
Innes JL (1990b) Assessment of tree condition. Forestry Commission Field Book 12. HMSO, London
Innes JL, Boswell RC (1988) Forest health surveys 1987. Part 2: analysis and interpretation. Forestry Commission Bulletin 79. HMSO, London
Innes JL, Boswell RC (1989) Monitoring of forest condition in the United Kingdom 1988. Forestry Commission Bulletin 88. HMSO, London
Innes JL, Boswell RC (1991) Monitoring of forest condition in Great Britain 1990. Forestry Commission Bulletin 98. HMSO, London
Kandler O (1990) Epidemiological evaluation of the development of “Waldsterben” in Germany. Plant Dis 74:4–12
Kaufmann MR, Troendle CA (1981) The relationship in leaf area and foliage biomass to sapwood conducting area in four subalpine forest tree species. For Sci 27:477–482
Rogers R, Hinckley TM (1979) Foliar weight and area related to current sapwood area in oak. For Sci 25:298–303
Shigo AL (1985) Wounded forests, starving trees. J For 83:668–673
Snell JAK, Brown JK (1978) Comparison of tree biomass estimators - DBH and sapwood area. For Sci 24:455–457
Waring RH (1985) Imbalanced forest ecosystems: assessments and consequences. For Ecol Manage 12:93–112
Waring RH, Schroeder PE, Oren R (1982) Application of the pipe model theory to predict canopy leaf area. Can J For Res 12:556–560
Whitehead D (1978) The estimation of foliage area from sapwood basal area in Scots pine. Forestry 51:137–149
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Innes, J.L. (1993). Some Factors Affecting the Crown Density of Trees in Great Britain Based on Recent Annual Surveys of Forest Condition. In: Huettl, R.F., Mueller-Dombois, D. (eds) Forest Decline in the Atlantic and Pacific Region. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76995-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76995-5_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-76997-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-76995-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive