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Molecular Structure of the Extracellular Heme Proteins

  • Chapter
Blood and Tissue Oxygen Carriers

Part of the book series: Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology ((COMPARATIVE,volume 13))

Abstract

Hemoglobins are present in all five kingdoms of organisms and are widely but sporadically distributed among the animal kingdom, including the Platy- helminthes, Annelida, Vestimentifera, Pogonophora, Echiura, Nematoda, Phoronida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata. Extracellular hemoglobins, molecules synthesized intracellularly and then secreted into the hemolymph, have been reported only in organisms in the protostome line of animal phylogeny (although not all protostomes have an extracellular hemoglobin). Those phyla that contain extracellular hemoglobins include the Annelida, Vestimentifera, Pogonophora, Nematoda, Arthropoda, and Mollusca. R. Lankester, a British physiologist, described the large extracellular red and green respiratory proteins of a number of polychaete annelids in 1872, but came to the conclusion they were distinctly different proteins from vertebrate hemoglobins and even gave them a different name, erythrocruorin. Although several researchers, including Keilin and Hartree (1951), have pointed out remarkable similarities between annelid and vertebrate heme-containing respiratory proteins and recommended that they all be referred to as hemoglobins, nonvertebrate hemoglobins, especially the extracellular ones, did not receive as much scrutiny as vertebrate and particularly human hemoglobins.

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  1. Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, OR, 97420, USA

    N. B. Terwilliger

  2. Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA

    N. B. Terwilliger

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  1. Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185, USA

    Charlotte P. Mangum

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Terwilliger, N.B. (1992). Molecular Structure of the Extracellular Heme Proteins. In: Mangum, C.P. (eds) Blood and Tissue Oxygen Carriers. Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, vol 13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76418-9_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76418-9_8

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