Abstract
Volcanic activity takes many forms, ranging from quiet lava emissions to extremely violent and explosive bursts, many of which can be related to magma composition as discussed in Chapter 3. The kinds of eruptions can be correlated to volcano shapes and sizes, and in this chapter we explore the connection between pyroclastic systems, eruptive mechanisms and their influences upon juvenile particles.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aki, K., Fehler, M. and Das, L., 1977. Source mechanisms of volcanic tremor: fluid-driven crack models and their application to the 1963 Kilauea eruption. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2, 259–287.
Blackburn, E.A., Wilson, L. and Sparks,R.S.J., 1976. Mechanisms and dynamics of strombolian activity. J. Geol. Soc. London 132, 429–440.
Booth, B., Croasdale, R. and Walker, G.P.L., 1978. A quantitative study of five thousand years of volcanism on Säo Miguel, Azores. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 288, 271–319.
Born, A., 1923. Über die Erscheinungsformen eines submarinen Ergusses. Z. dcutsch. Geol. Ges. 74, 101–117.
Boyd, F.R., 1961. Welded tuff and flows in the rhyolite plateau of Yellowstone Park, Wyoming. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 72, 387–426.
Buchanan, D.J., 1974. A model for fuel-coolant interactions. J. Phys. Dev. Appl. Phys. 7, 1441–1457.
Buchanan, D.J. and Dullforce, T.A., 1973. Mechanism for vapour explosions. Nature 245, 32–34.
Carmichael, I.S.E., 1979. Glass and the glassy rocks. In Yoder, H.S., Jr., ed., The evolution of the igneous rocks. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N.J., 233–244.
Chouet, B., Hamisevicz, N. and McGetchin, T.R., 1974. Photoballistics of volcanic jet activity at Stromboli, Italy. J. Geophys. Res. 79, 4961–4976.
Christiansen, R.L. and Peterson, D.W., 1981. Chronology of the 1980 eruptive activity. In Lipman, P.W. and Mullineaux, D.R., eds., The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 1250, 17–33.
Delaney, P.T., 1982. Rapid intrusion of magma into wet rock: groundwater flow due to pore pressure increases. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 7739–7756.
Duffield, W.A., Gibson, E.K., Jr. and Heiken, G.H., 1977. Some characteristics of Pele’s Hair. U.S. Geol. Survey J. Res. 5, 93–101.
Dullforce, T.A., Buchanan, D.J. and Peckover, R.S., 1976. Self-triggering of small-scale fuel-coolant interactions. I. Experiments. J. Phys. Dev.: Appl. Phys. 9, 1295–1303.
Eichelberger, J.C. and Hayes, D.B., 1982. Magmatic model for the Mount St. Helens blast of May 18, 1980. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 7727–7738.
Fairbridge, R.W., 1973. Glaciation and plate migration. In Tarling, D.H. and Runcorn, S.K., eds., Implications of continental drift. Academic Press, New York, 503–515.
Fedotov, S.A., 1978. Ascent of basic magmas in the crust and the mechanism of basaltic fissure eruptions. Int. Geol. Rev. 20, 33–48.
Fiske, R.S., 1963. Subaqueous pyroclastic flows in the Ohanapecosh Formation, Washington. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 74, 391–406.
Fiske, R.S. and Matsuda, T., 1964. Submarine equivalents of ash flows in the Tokiwa Formation, Japan. Amer. J. Sci. 262, 76–106.
Fiske, R.S. and Sigurdsson, H., 1979. Soufrière Volcano, St. Vincent: Its 1979 eruption observed from the ground, aircraft and satellites. Science 216, 1105–1106.
Fujii, N., 1975. Material and energy production from volcanoes. Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Jap. 20, 197–204 (in Japanese).
Fuller, R.E., 1931. The aqueous chilling of basaltic lava on the Columbia River Plateau. Amer. J. Sci. 21, 281–300.
Harris, D.M., Rose, W.I., Jr., Roe, R. and Thompson, M.R., 1981. Radar observations of ash eruptions. In Lipman, P.W. and Mullineaux, D.R., eds., The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 1250, 323–333.
Hedervari, P., 1963. On the energy and magnitude of volcanic eruptions. Bull. Volcanol. 25, 373–385.
Hentschel, H., 1963. In-situ Brekzien der Unter-Karbonischen Pillowdiabase des Dillgebietes im Rheinischen Schiefergebirge. Bull. Volcanol. 25, 97–107.
Honnorez, J., 1961. Sur l’origine sur les hyaloclastites. Bull. Soc. Belge Geol. 70, 407–412.
Honnorez, J., 1972. La Palagonitisation: l’altération sous-marine du verre volcanique basique de Palagonia (Sicile). Vulkaninstitut I. Friedländer No. 9, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Stuttgart, 1–132.
Jaggar, T.A., 1949. Steam blast volcanic eruptions. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 4th Sp. Rpt., 1–137.
Kieffer, S.W., 1981. Blast dynamics at Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980. Nature 291, 568–570.
Kieffer, S.W., 1982. Dynamics and thermodynamics of volcanic eruptions: implications for the plumes on Io. In Morrison, D., ed., Satellites of Jupiter. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, Ariz. 647–723.
Lacroix, A., 1904. La Montagne Pelée et ses eruptions. Masson et Cie, Paris, 1–662.
Laurent, M., 1956. Le laitier des hauts fourneaux, Ciments de laitier. In Techniques de l’Ingénieur. Dunod,Paris,M 1850, 1–8.
Lipman, P.W. and Mullineaux, eds., 1981. The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 1250, 1–844.
Lirer, L., Pescatore, T., Booth, B. and Walker, G.P.L., 1973. Two Plinian pumice-fall deposits from Somma-Vesuvius, Italy. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 84, 759–772.
Lloyd, E.F., 1972. Geology and hot springs of Orakeikorako. N.Z. Geol. Survey Bull. 85, 1–164.
Macdonald, G.A., 1972. Volcanoes. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1–510.
McBirney, A.R., 1963. Factors governing the nature of submarine volcanism. Bull. Volcanol. 26, 455–469.
Mercalli, G., 1907. 1 volcani attivi della Terra. Ulrico Hoepli, Milan, 1–421.
Moore, J.G., 1967. Base surge in recent volcanic eruptions. Bull. Volcanol. 30, 337–363.
Moore, J.G., 1970. Water content of basalt erupted on the ocean floor. Contr. Mineral. Petrol. 28, 272–279.
Moore, J.G., 1979. Vesicularity and C02 in mid-ocean ridge basalt. Nature 282, 250–253.
Moore, J.G. and Schilling, J.G., 1973. Vesicles, water, and sulfur in Reykjanes Ridge basalts. Contr. Mineral. Petrol. 41, 105–118.
Moore, J.G., Batchelder, J.N. and Cunningham, C.G., 1977. CO2-filled vesicles in mid-ocean basalt. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2, 309–327.
Moore, J.G., Nakamura, K. and Alcaraz, A., 1966. The 1965 eruption of Taal Volcano. Science 151, 955–960.
Muffler, L.J.P., White, D.E. and Truesdell, A.H., 1971. Hydrothermal explosion craters in Yellowstone National Park. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 82, 723–740.
Nairn, I.A. and Self, S., 1978. Explosive eruptions and pyroclastic avalanches from Ngauruhoe in February, 1975. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 3, 39–60.
Nairn, I.A. and Wiradiradja, S., 1980. Late Quaternary hydrothermal explosion at Kawerau geothermal field, New Zealand. Bull. Volcanol. 43, 1–13.
Nakamura, K., 1964. Volcano-stratigraphic study of Oshima Volcano Izu. Tokyo Univ. Earthq. Res. Inst. Bull. 42, 649–728.
Nakamura, K., 1965. Energies dissipated with volcanic activities - classification and evaluation (in Japanese). Tokyo Univ. Earthq. Res. Inst. Bull. 43, 81–90.
Nakamura, K., 1974. Preliminary estimate of global volcanic production rate. In Furumoto, S., Minikami, T. and Yuhara, K., eds., The utilization of volcano energy. Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 273–284.
Newhall, C.G. and Self, S., 1982. The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI): an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 1231–1238.
Peckover, R.S., Buchanan, D.J. and Ashby, D.E.T.F., 1973. Fuel-coolant interactions in submarine volcanism. Nature 245, 307–308.
Polak, B.G., 1967. An energy appraisal of volcanic and hydrothermal phenomena (on the example of Kamchatka). Bull. Volcanol. 30, 129–138.
Rittmann, A., 1962. Volcanoes and their activity. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1–305.
Shepherd, J.B. and Sigurdsson, H., 1982. Mechanism of the 1979 explosive eruption of Soufrière Volcano, St. Vincent. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 13, 119–130.
Shimozuru, D., 1968. Discussion on the energy partitioning of volcanic eruptions. Bull. Volcanol. 32, 383–394.
Simkin, T., Siebert, L., McClelland, L., Bridge, D., Newhall, C. and Latter, J.H., 1981. Volcanoes of the world. Smithsonian Institution, Hutchinson Ross Publ. Co., Stroudsberg, Pa., 1–232.
Sommer, M.A., 1977. Volatiles H2O, CO2, and CO in silicate melt inclusions in quartz phenocrysts from the rhyolitic Bandelier air-fall and ash-flow tuff, New Mexico. J. Geol. 85, 423–432.
Sparks, R.S.J., 1978. The dynamics of bubble formation and growth in magmas: A review and analysis. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 3, 1–37.
Sparks, R.S.J. and Wilson, L., 1976. A model for the formation of ignimbrite by gravitational column collapse. J. Geol. Soc. London 132, 441–451.
Sparks, R.S.J, and Wilson, L., 1982. Explosive volcanic eruptions. V. Observations of plume dynamics during the 1979 Soufrière eruption, St. Vincent. Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc. 69, 551–570.
Sparks, R.S.J., Wilson, L. and Hulme, G., 1978. Theoretical modeling of the generation, movement and emplacement of pyroclastic flows by column collapse. J. Geophys. Res. 83, 1727–1739.
Spera, F.J., 1980. Aspects of magma transport. In Hargraves, R.B., ed., Physics of magmatic processes. Princeton Univ. Press. Princeton, N.J., 265–323.
Tanakadate, H., 1935. Evolution of a new volcanic islet near Iwo Jima. Proc. Imper. Acad. 9, 152–154.
Thoulet, J., 1904. L’Océan, ses lois et ses problèmes. Hachette, Paris, 1–133.
Thoulet, J., 1922. Eruptions volcaniques sous-marines profondes. C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris 14, 1068–1070.
Verhoogen, J., 1946. Volcanic heat. Amer. J. Sci. 244, 745–771.
Von Wolff, F., 1913, 1914. Der Vulkanismus. I. Band: Allgemeiner Teil; Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 1–711.
Walker, G.P.L., 1973. Explosive volcanic eruptions - a new classification scheme. Geol. Rundsch. 62, 431–446.
Walker, G.P.L., 1980. The Taupo Pumice: product of the most powerful known (ultraplinian) eruption J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 8, 69–94.
Walker, G.P.L. and Croasdale, R., 1972. Characteristics of some basaltic pyroclastics. Bull. Volcanol. 35, 303–317.
Walker, G.P.L., Wilson, L. and Bowell, E.L.G., 1971. Explosive volcanic eruptions -1. The rate and fall of pyroclasts. Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc. 22, 377–383.
Waters, A.C. and Fisher, R.V., 1971. Base surges and their deposits: Capelinhos and Taal volcanoes. J. Geophys. Res. 76, 5596–5614.
Watson, E.B., Sneeriger, M.A. and Ross, A., 1982. Diffusion of dissolved carbonate in magmas: experimental results and applications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 61, 346–358.
Wentworth, C.K., 1938. Ash formations of the island of Hawaii. 3rd Sp. Rpt., Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1–183.
Wentworth, C.K. and Macdonald, G.A., 1953. Structures and forms of basaltic rocks in Hawaii. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 994, 1–98.
White, D.E., 1967. Some principles of geyser activity, mainly from Steamboat Springs, Nevada. Amer. J. Sci. 265, 641–684.
Williams, H. and McBirney, A.R., 1969. An investigation of volcanic depressions Part II. Subaerial pyroclastic flows and their deposits. NASA Progress Rpt. (NGR-38-033-012), 41–92.
Williams, H. and McBirney, A., 1979. Volcanology. Freeman, Cooper and Co., San Francisco, 1–391.
Wilson, L., 1976. Explosive volcanic eruptions - III. Plinian Eruption Columns. Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc. 45, 543–556.
Wilson, L., 1980. Relationships between pressure, volatile content and ejecta velocity in three types of volcanic explosions. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 8, 297–313.
Wilson, L. and Head, J.W., III, 1981a. Ascent and eruption of basaltic magma on the earth and moon. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 2971–3001.
Wilson, L. and Head, J.W., III, 1983. A comparison of volcanic eruption processes on Earth, Moon, Maars, Io and Venus. Nature 302, 663–669.
Wilson, L., Sparks, R.S.J, and Walker, G.P.L., 1980. Explosive volcanic eruptions, IV. The control of magma properties and conduit geometry on eruption column behavior. Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc. 63, 117–148.
Wilson, L., Sparks, R.S.J., Huang, T.C. and Watkins, N.D., 1978. The control of volcanic column eruption heights by eruption energetics and dynamics. J. Geophys. Res. 83, 1829–1836.
Wright, J.V., Smith, A.L. and Self, S., 1980b. A working terminology of pyroclastic deposits. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 8, 315–336.
Yokoyama, I., 1956. Energetics in active volcanoes. 1st paper. Tokyo Univ. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. 34, 190–195.
Yokoyama, I., 1957a. Energetics in active volcanoes. 2nd paper. Tokyo Univ. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. 35, 75–97.
Yokoyama, I., 1957b. Energetics in active volcanoes. 3rd paper. Tokyo Univ. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. 35, 99–108.
Yokoyama, I., 1972. Heat and mass transfer through volcanoes. Revista Italiana di Geofísica 21, 165–169.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fisher, R.V., Schmincke, HU. (1984). Explosive Volcanic Eruptions. In: Pyroclastic Rocks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74864-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74864-6_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-51341-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74864-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive