Abstract
The annual cycle of migrants is typically divided into four fundamental periods: the breeding season, autumn migration, the wintering period, and vernal migration (Helms 1963). Each phase comprises distinct physiological and behavioral characteristics and each has unique properties with respect to the complex life histories of migrants. In general, more research emphasis has been placed on the breeding and migration periods compared to the winter period (e.g., Berthold 1988a). The overall winter distributions of many migrant species are well known, but detailed analyses of population structure, ecology, and physiology during this period are scarce.
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© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Terrill, S.B. (1990). Ecophysiological Aspects of Movements by Migrants in the Wintering Quarters. In: Gwinner, E. (eds) Bird Migration. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74542-3_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74542-3_9
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