Skip to main content

Abstract

The involvement of the epididymis in the process of sperm maturation appears to be concerned with enabling gamete contact to occur (see Parts I,II) and the more terminal events of fertilisation may not require epididymal input (Glover and Nicander, 1971). The organ has evolved along with sperm maturation (Glover and Nicander, 1971) and the need for capacitation (Bedford, 1983), although spermatozoa at all stages of their maturation require conditions compatible with their survival.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aafjes JH and Vreeburg JTM (1972) Distribution of 5α-dihydrotestosterone in the epididymis of hull and boar, and its concentration in rat epididymis after ligation of efferent testicular ducts, castration and unilateral gonadectomy. J Endocr 53: 85–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abe K, Takano H and Ito K (1983a) Response of epididymal duct to the temporary depletion of spermatozoa induced by testicular irradiation in mice. Anat Record 207: 17–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abe K, Takano H and Ito T (1983b) Ultrastructure of the mouse epididymal duct with special reference to the regional differences of the principal cells. Arch Histol Japonicum 46: 51–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abe K, Takano H and Ito T (1984) Microvasculature of the mouse epididymis, with special reference to fenestrated capillaries localized in the initial segment. Anat Record 209: 209–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abou-Haila A, Fain-Maurel MA (1984) Regional differences of the proximal part of mouse epididymis: morphological and histochemical characteristics. Anat Record 209: 197–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez JG and Storey BT (1985) Spontaneous lipid peroxidation in rabbit and mouse epididymal spermatozoa: dependence of rate on temperature and oxygen concentration. Biol Reprod 32: 342–351

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amann RP, Hokanson JF and Almquist JO (1963) Cannulation of the bovine ductus deferens for quantitative recovery of epididymal spermatozoa. J Reprod Fert 6: 65–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amann RP, Johnson L, Thompson DL and Pickett BW (1976) Daily spermatozoal production, epididymal spermatozoal reserves and transit times of spermatozoa through the epididymis of the rhesus monkey. Biol Reprod 15: 586–592

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anand Kumar TC, Prakash A and Prasad MRN (1980) Ultrastructure of the clear cell lining the epididymal lumen of the rat. Anat Anz (Jena) 147: 220–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Aragon JA, Lustig L and Mancini RE (1972) Uptake of horseradish peroxidase by the testis and epididymis of mice. I. Light-microscopical study. J Reprod Fert 28: 299–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Au CL, Ngai HK, Yeung CH and Wong PYD (1978) Effect of adrenalectomy and hormone replacement on sodium and water transport in the perfused rat cauda epididymis. J Endocr 77: 265–266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Back DJ and Shenton JC (1975) A comparison of the composition of epididymal plasma from the cauda epididymidis of the rat. hamster and guinea-pig. Experentia 31: 464–465

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Back DJ, Shenton JC and Glover TD (1974) The composition of epididymal plasma from the cauda epididymidis of the rat. J Reprod Fert 40: 211–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Back DJ, Glover TD, Shenton JC and Boyd GP (1975) The effect of α-chlorohydrin on the composition of rat and rabbit epididymal plasma. A possible explanation of species differences. J Reprod Fert 45: 117–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Back DJ, Glover TD, Shenton JC and Boyd CP (1977) Some effects of cyproterone acetate on the reproductive physiology of the male rat. J Reprod Fert 49: 237–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ball RY and Setchell BP (1983) The passage of spermatozoa to regional lymph nodes in testicular lymph following vasectomy in rams and boars. J Reprod Fert 68: 145–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ball RY, Naylor CPE and Mitchinson MJ (1982) Spermatozoa in an abdominal lymph node after vasectomy in a man. J Reprod Fert 66: 715–716

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bedford JM (1975) Maturation, transport, and fate of spermatozoa in the epididymis. In: Handbook of Physiology, Section VII Endocrinology, Volume V, Male Reproductive System. Eds RO Greep and DW Hamilton, American Physiol Soc, Washington DC. pp 303–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedford JM (1977) Evolution of the scrotum: the epididymis as the prime mover? In: Reproduction and Evolution. Eds JH Calaby and CH Tyndale-Biscoe. Aust Acad Sci. pp 171–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedford JM (1978a) Anatomical evidence for the epididymis as the prime mover in the evolution of the scrotum. Am J Anat 152: 483–508

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bedford JM (1978b) Influence of abdominal temperature on epididymal function in the rat and rabbit. Am J Anat 152: 509–522

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bedford JM (1983) Significance of the need for sperm capacitation before fertilization in Eutherian mammals. Biol Reprod 28: 108–120

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bedford JM, Weininger RB, Fisher S and Rifkin J (1982) Specific IgG levels appearing in the cauda epididymidis of male rabbits. Int J Androl Suppl 5: 48–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett JP and Rowson LEA (1963) A fistula for the collection of epididymal semen from the bull. J Reprod Fert 6: 61–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benoit MM (1926) Recherches anatomiques, cytologiques et histophysiologiques sur les vois excretices du testicle chez les mammifères. Contribution a l’etude de quelques problemes de cytologie génerale relatifs à la cellule glandulaire. Arch Anat Histol Embryol (Strasbourg) 5: 173–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanc MR, Dacheux JL, Cahoreau C, Courot M, Hochereau de Reviers MT, Lacroix A and Pisselet C (1978) The role of testicular fluid on blood plasma levels of FSH and LH in the ram. Ann Biol Anim Biochem Biophys 19: 1027–1032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boulanger P, de Saulniers M, Bleau G, Roberts KD and Chapdelaine A (1983) Sex steroid concentrations in plasma from the canine deferential vein. J Endocr 96: 223–228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks DE (1975) The isolation of epithelial cells from the rat epididymis. Andrologia 7: 241–253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks DE (1979a) Biochemical Environment of maturing spermatozoa. In: The Spermatozoon. Eds DW Fawcett and JM Bedford, Urban and Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, pp 23–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks DE (1979b) Influence of testicular secretion on tissue weight and on metabolic and enzyme activities in the epididymis of the rat. J Endocr 82: 305–313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks DE (1981) Secretion of proteins and glycoproteins by the rat epididymis: regional differences. androgen-dependence, and effects of protease inhibitors, procaine, and tunicamycin. Biol Reprod 25: 1099–1117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks DE and Higgins SJ (1980) Characterization and androgen-dependence of proteins associated wih luminal fluid and spermatozoa in the rat epididymis. J Reprod Fert 59: 363–375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks DE and Howards SS (1979) cited in Brooks DE (1979a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks DE, Hamilton DW and Mallek AH (1973) The uptake of L-(methyl-3H) carnitine by the rat epididymis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 52: 1354–1360

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks DE, Hamilton DW and Mallek AH (1974) Carnitine and glycerylphosphorylcholine in the reproductive tract of the rat. J Reprod Fert 36: 141–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown PDC and Waites GMH (1972) Regional blood flow in the epididymis of the rat and rabbit: effect of efferent duct ligation and orchidectomy. J Reprod Fert 28: 221–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown D and Montesano R (1981) Membrane specialization in the rat epididymis. II. The clear cell. Anat Rec 201: 477–483

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown KD, Blakeley DM, Henville A and Setchell BP (1982a) Rete testis fluid contains a growth factor for cultures of fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 105: 391–397

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown KD, Henville A and Setchell BP (1982b) A growth factor in rete testis fluid. Ann New York Acad Sci US 383: 428–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgos M (1960) The role of amorphous cellular coatings in active transport. Anat Rec 137: 171a

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgos M (1964) Uptake of colloidal particles by cells of the caput epididymidis. Anat Rec 148: 517–523

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burgos MH, de Oca HM and Montorzi NM (1959) La incorporcion de Fe59 en los conductos efferentes del hamster. Rev Soc Argent Biol 35: 36–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byers SW, Djakiew D and Dym M (1985a) Structural features of rat epididymal epithelial cells in vitro. J Reprod Fert 75: 401–411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byers SW, Musto NA and Dym M (1985b) Culture of ciliated and nonciliated cells from rat ductuli efferentes. J Androl 6: 271–178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byers SW, Hadley MA, Djakiew D and Dym M (1986) Growth and characterization of polarized monolayers of epididymal epithelial cells and Sertoli cells in dual environment culture chambers. J Androl 7: 59–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cameo MS and Blaquier JA (1976) Androgen-controlled specific proteins in rat epididymis. J Endocr 69: 47–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron DF, Snydle FE and Smith LC (1983) Three patterns of extra-testicular venous drainage in the rabbit. Anat Embryol 167: 103–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrick FW and Setchell BP (1977) The evolution of the scrotum. In: Reproduction and evolution. Eds JH Calaky and CH Tyndale-Biscoe. Aust Acad Sci. pp 165–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavazos LF and Melampy RM (1956) Effects of differential testosterone propionate levels on rat accessory gland activity. Iowa State College Journal of Science 31: 19–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cavicchia JC (1979) Fine structure of the monkey epididymis: a correlated thin-section and freeze-fracture study. Cell Tiss Res 201: 451–458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler JA, Sinowatz F and Pierrepoint CG (1981) The ultrastructure of dog epididymis. Urol Res 9: 33–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman DA and Killian GK (1984) Glycosidase activities in principal cells. basal cells, fibroblasts and spermatozoa isolated from the rat epididymis. Biol Reprod 31: 627–636

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee A, Pal AK, Ray P and Basu R (1977) Cyproterone acetate. II. Failure to reduce sperm fertility in the surgically separated epididymis of rat. Contraception 15: 429–434

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chubb C and Desjardins C (1982) Vasculature of the mouse, rat, and rabbit testis-epididymis. Am J Anat 165: 357–372

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clavert A, Cranz C and Brun B (1981) Epididymal vascularization and microvascularization. In: Epididymis and Fertility: Biology and Pathology. Eds C Bollack and A Clavert, S Karger, London. Progr Reprod Biol 8: 48–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Clermont Y and Flannery J (1970) Mitotic activity in the epithelium of the epididymis in young and old adult rats. Biol Reprod 3: 283–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen JP, Hoffer AP and Rosen S (1976) Carbonic anhydrase localization in the epididymis and testis of the rat: histochemical and biochemical analysis. Biol Reprod 14: 339–346

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper ERA and Jackson H (1977) A histological study of the post-testicular duct system in a variety of mammals. Private Publication. Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper TG (1982) Secretion of inositol and glucose by the perfused rat cauda epididymidis. J Reprod Fert 64: 373–379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper TG and Hamilton DW (1977) Phagocytosis of spermatozoa in the terminal region and gland of the vas deferens of the rat. Am J Anat 150: 247–268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper TG and Waites GMH (1979) Factors affecting the entry of testosterone into the lumen of the cauda epididymidis of the anaesthetized rat. J Reprod Fert 56: 165–174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper TG and Waites GMH (1980) Role of proteins in the transport of steroids into the epididymis. In: Testicular Development, Structure, and Function. Eds A Steinberger and E Steinberger, Raven Press, New York. pp 299–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper TG and Yeung CH (1980) Epithelial structure of the rat cauda epididymidis after luminal perfusion. Int J Androl 3: 361–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper TG, Yeung CH, Lui W and Yang CZ (1985) Luminal secretion of myo-inositol by the rat epididymis perfused in vitro. J Reprod Fert 74: 135–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crabo B (1965) Studies on the composition of epididymal content in bulls and boars. Acta Vet Scand Vol 6, Suppl 5

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuasnicú PS, Gonzáles Echeverría F, Piazza AD, Cameo MS and Blaquier JA (1984) Antibodies against epididymal glycoproteins block fertilizing ability in rat. J Reprod Fert 72: 467–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Czarnetzky EJ and Henle W (1938) A pressure device for the separation of mammalian spermatozoa from the isolated epididymis. Proc Soc exp Biol Med 38: 63–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Dacheux J (1980) An in vitro luminal perfusion technique to study epididymal secretion. IRCS Med Sci 8: 137

    Google Scholar 

  • Danzo BJ and Eller BC (1984) Clearance, metabolic fate and tissue distribution of an injected bolus of photoaffinity-labeled rat androgen binding protein. Biol Reprod 31: 259–270

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danzo BJ, Cooper TG and Orgebin-Crist MC (1977) Androgen binding protein (ABP) in fluid colected from the rete testis and cauda epididymidis of sexually mature and immature rabbits and observations on morphological changes in the epididymis following ligation of the ductuli efferentes. Biol Reprod 17: 64–77

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dadoune JP, Fain-Maurel MA and Baures M (1985) Autoradiographic study of labeled amino-acid incorporation into clear cells of mouse epididymis. Archs Androl 14: 199–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies RV, Main SJ and Setchell BP (1979) Inhibin in ram rete testis fluid. J Reprod Fert Suppl 26: 87–95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Djakiew D and Jones RC (1982) Stereological analysis of the epididymis of the cchidna. Tachyglossus acillcatus and Wistar rat. Aust J Zool 30: 865–875

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Djakiew D, Byers SW and Dym M (1984) Receptor-mediated endocytosis of alpha2-macroglobulin and transferrin in rat caput epithelial cells in vitro. Biol Reprod 31: 1073–1085

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Djakiew D, Byers SW, Lewin DM and Dym M (1985) Receptor-mediated endocytosis of alpha2-macroglobulin by principal cells in the proximal caput epididymidis in vivo. J Androl 6: 190–196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dym M (1973) The fine structure of the monkey (Macaca) Sertoli cell and its role in establishing the blood-testis barrier. Anat Rec 175: 639–65675

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dym M and Romrell LJ (1975) Intraepithelial lymphocytes in the male reproductive tract of rats and rhesus monkeys. J Reprod Fert 42: 1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Einarsson S and Funkquist B (1979) Surgical technique for establishment of ductus deferens fistula in the boar. Int J Androl 2: 581–584

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elger W and von Berswordt-Wallrabe R (1973) Failure to induce sterility in male rats with continously released microquantities of cyproterone acetate and norgesterol. Acta Endocrinol 173: 120 (abst)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott PR (1965) The effect of efferentiectomy and orchidectomy on the metabolism of the epididymis of the mouse. J Cell Comp Physiol 66: 293–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • English HF (1979) Absorption in the ductuli efferentes testis of the rat. Anat Rec 193: 531 (abst)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fawcett DW and Hoffer AP (1979) Failure of exogenous androgen to prevent regression of the initial segments of the rat epididymis after efferent duct ligation or orchidectomy. Biol Reprod 20: 162–181

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fawcett DW and Hollenberg RD (1963) Changes in the acrosome of guinea-pig spermatozoa during passage through the epididymis. Z Zellforsh Mikr Anat 60: 276–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feig LA, Bellve AR, Erickson NH and Klagsbrun (1980) Sertoli cells contain a mitogenic polypeptide. Proc Natn Acad Sci US 77: 4774–4778

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feig LA, Klagsbrun and Bellve AR (1983) Mitogenic poplypeptide of the mammalian seminiferous epithelium: biochemical characterization and partial purification. J Cell Biol 97: 1435–1443

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flickinger CJ (1977a) Effects of clomiphene on the structure of the testis, epididymis and sex accessory glands of the rat. Am J Anat 149: 533–562

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flickinger CJ (1977b) The influence of progestin and androgen on the fine structure of the male reproductive tract of the rat. II. Epididymis and sex accessory organs. Anat Rec 187: 431–462

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flickinger CJ (1978) Effects of testosterone enanthate on the structure of the male reproductive tract of the rat. Anat Rec 192: 555–584

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flickinger CJ (1985) Radioautographic analysis of the secretory pathway for glycoproteins in principal cells of the mouse epididymis exposed to (3H)fucose. Biol Reprod 32: 377–389

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flickinger CJ and Charlton JS (1978) Ultrastructure of the testis and different regions of the epididymis in normal and vasectomised hamsters. In: Vasectomy, Immunologic and Pathophysiologic Effects in Animals and Man. Eds IH Lepow and R Crozier, Acad Press, New York. pp 25–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Flickinger CJ and Loving CK (1976) Fine structure of the testis and epididymis of rats treated with cyproterone acetate. Am J Anat 146: 359–384

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flickinger CJ, Howards SS and English HF (1978) Ultrastrucural differences in efferent ducts and several regions of the epididymis of the hamster. Am J Anal 152: 557–586

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flickinger CJ, Wilson KM and Gray HA (1984) The secretory pathway in the mouse epididymis as shown by electron microscope radioautography of principal cells exposed to monensin. Anat Rec 210: 435–448

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foldesy RG and Bedford JM (1982) Biology of the scrotum.I. Temperature and androgen as determinants of the sperm storage capacity of the rat cauda epididymidis. Biol Reprod 26: 673–682

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fournier-Delpech S, Courot M and Dubois MP (1985) Decreased fertility and motility of spermatozoa from rats immunized with a prealbumin epididymal specific glycoprotein. J Androl 6: 246–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Free MJ (1976) Blood supply to the testis and its role in local exchange and transport of hormones in the male reproductive tract. In: The Testis, Volume 4. Eds AD Johnson and WR Gomes, Acad Press, New York, pp 39–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Free MJ and Tillson SA (1976) Local increase in concentration of steroids by venous arterial transfer in the pampiniform plexus. In: The Hormonal Regulation of Spermatogenesis. Eds FS French, V Hansson EM Ritzen and SN Nayfeh, Plenum Press, New York. pp 181–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Free MJ and Jaffe RA (1978) Target organs for testosterone transferred from vein to artery in the pampiniform plexus: the epididymis. Biol Reprod 18: 639–642

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friend DS (1969) Cytochemical staining of multivesicular bodies and Golgi vesicles. J Cell Biol 41: 269–279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friend DS and Gilula, NB (1972) Variations in tight and gap junctions in mammalian tissues. J Cell Biol 53: 758–776

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmore DP, Hooker RH and Chang MC (1971) A technique for the collection by fistula of epididymal spermatozoa from the rat. J Reprod Fert 25: 137–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glover TD and Nicander L (1971) Some aspects of structure and function in the mammalian epididymis. J Reprod Fert Suppl 13: 39–50

    Google Scholar 

  • González Echeverría F, Cuasnicú PS, Piazza A, Piñeiro L and Blaquier JA (1984) Addition of an androgen-free epididymal protein extract increases the ability of immature hamster spermatozoa to fertilize in vivo and in vitro. J Reprod Fert 71: 432–437

    Google Scholar 

  • Goyal HO (1983) Histoquantitative effets of orchiectomy with and without testosterone enanthate treatment on the bovine epididymis. Am J Vet Res 44: 1085–1090

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goyal HO (1985) Morphology of the bovine epididymis. Am J Anat 172: 155–172

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg J and Forssman WG (1983a) Studies of the guinea pig epididymis. I. Ultrastructure and quantitative morphology of the prinicipal cells. Anat and Embryol 168: 173–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg J and Forssmann WG (1983b) Studies of the guinea pig epididymis. II. Intercellular junctions of principal cells. Anat and Embryol 168: 195–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunn RMC (1936) Fertility in sheep. Artificial production of seminal ejaculation and the characteristics of the spermatozoa contained therein. CSIRO Bulletin 94, Commonwealth of Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn SA and Gould TC (1975) Vasculature of the testes and adnexia. In: Handbook of Physiology. Section VII Endocrinology. Volume 5 Male Reproductive System. Eds DW Hamilton and RO Greep, American Physiological Society. Washington DC. pp 117–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunsalas GL, Musto NA and Bardin CW (1978a) Immunoassay of androgen binding protein in blood: a new approach for study of the seminiferous tubule. Science 200: 65–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunsalas GL, Musto NA and Bardin CW (1978b) Factors affecting blood levels of androgen binding protein in the rat. Int J Androl Suppl 2: 482–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunsalas GL, Musto NA and Bardin CW (1980) Bidirectional releases of a Sertoli cell product, androgen binding protein, into the blood and seminiferous tubule. In: Testicular Development, Structure, and Function. Eds A Steinberger and E Steinberger, Raven Press, New York. pp 291–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Gustafsson B (1966) Luminal contents of the bovine epididymis under conditions of reduced spermatogenesis, luminal blockage and certain sperm abnormalities. Acta Vet Scand Suppl 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton DW (1972) The Mammalian Epididymis. In: Reproductive Biology. Eds H Balin and S Glasser, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 268–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton DW (1975) Structure and function of the epithelium lining the ductuli efferentes, ductus epididymides, and ductus deferens in the rat. In: Handbook of Physiology. Section VII Endocrinology. Volume 5 Male Reproductive System. Eds DW Hamilton and RO Greep. Amer Physiol Soc, Washington DC. pp 259–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton DW, Olson GE and Cooper TG (1977) Regional variation in the surface morphology of the epithelium of the rat ductuli efferentes, ductus epididymidis and vas deferens. Anat Rec 188: 13–28

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris ME and Bartke A (1975) Maintenance of rete testis fluid testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels by pregnenolone and other C21 steroids in hypophysectomiscd rats. Endocrinology 96: 1396–1402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison RG (1949) The distribution of the vasal and cremasteric arteries to the testis and their functional importance. J Anat 83: 267–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison RG and Barclay AE (1948) The distribution of the testicular artery (internal spermatic artery) to the human testis. Brit J Urol 20: 57–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hees H, Leiser R, Kohler T and Wrobel KH (1984) Vascular morphology of the bovine spermatic cord and testis. I. Light- and scanning electron miroscopic studies on the testicular artery and pampiniform plexus. Cell Tiss Res 237: 31–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henle W (1938) The specificity of some mammalian spermatozoa. J Immunol 34: 325–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermo L and Morales C (1984) Endocytosis in non-ciliated epithelial cells of the ductuli efferentes in the rat. Am J Anat 171: 59–74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinton BT (1980) The epididymal microenvironment. A site of attack for a male contraceptive? Invest Urol 18: 1–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinton BT (1985) The Blood-Epididymis Barrier. In: Male Fertility and its Regulation. Eds TJ Lobl and ESE Hafez, MTP, Press, Lancaster. pp 371–382

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hinton BT and Hernandez H (1985) Selective luminal absorption of L-carnitine from the proximal regions of the rat epididymis. Possible relationship to development of sperm motility. J Androl 6: 300–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinton BT and Howards SS (1982a) Rat testis and epididymis can transport (3H)3-O-methyl-D-glucose, (3H)inositol and (3H)α-aminoisobutyric acid across its epithelia in vivo. Biol Reprod 27: 1181–1189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinton BT and Howards SS (1982b) Micropuncture and microperfusion techniques for the study of testicular physiology. Ann NY Acad Sci US 383: 29–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinton BT and Setchell BP (1981) Micropuncturc and microanalytical studies of Rhesus monkey and baboon epididymis and the human ductus deferens. Am J Primatol 1: 251–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hinton BT, Snoswell AM and Setchell BP (1979) The concentration of carnitine in the luminal fluid of the testis and epididymis of the rat and some other mammals. J Reprod Fert 56: 105–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinton BT, Pryor JP, Hirsch AV and Setchell BP (1981) The concentration of some inorganic ions and organic compounds in luminal fluid of the human ductus deferens. Int J Androl 4: 457–461

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffer AP and Greenberg JA (1978) The structure of the epididymis, efferent ductules and ductus deferens of the guinea pig: a light microscopical study. Anat Rec 190: 659–678

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffer AP and Hinton BT (1984) Morphological evidence for a blood-epididymis barrier and the effects of gossypol on its integrity. Biol Reprod 30: 991–1004

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffer AP and Karnovsky MC (1981) Studies on zonation in the epididymis of the guinea pig. I. Ultrastructural and biochemical analysis of the zone rich in large lipid droplets (Zone II). Anat Rec 201: 623–633

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffer AP, Hamilton DW and Fawcett DW (1973) The ultrastructure of the principal cells and intraepithelial leucocytes in the initial segment of the rat epididymis. Anat Rec 175: 169–202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holstein AF (1969) Morphologische Studien am Nebenhoden des Menschen. In: Zwanglose Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiet der normalen und pathologischen Anatomie. Eds W Bargman and W Doerr, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 1–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Howards SS, Johnson A and Jessee S (1975) Micropuncture and microanalytical studies of the rat testis and epididymis. Fert Steril 26: 13–19

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe RA and Free MJ (1979) The determination of blood flow in reproductive organs. In: Animal Models for Research on Contraception and Fertility. Ed NJ Alexander, Harper and Row, Hagerstown. pp 496–509

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansen L and Bøhmer T (1979) Uptake of 3H-L-carnitine by isolated rat epididymal tubules. Archs Androl 2: 117–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson LA and Pursell VG (1975) Cannulation of ductus deferens of the boar: a surgical technique. Am J Vet Res 36: 315–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones R (1977) Effects of testosterone, testosterone metabolites and anti-androgens on the function of the male accessory glands in the rabbit and rat. J Endocr 74: 75–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones R (1978) Comparative biochemistry of mammalian epididymal plasma. Comp Biochem Biophys 61B: 365–370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones RC and Djakiew D (1978) The role of the excurrent ducts from the testes of testicond mammals. Austral Zool 20: 201–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones R and Dott HM (1980) Changes in luminal plasma and disappearance of spermatozoa from the ligated cauda epididymidis of the androgen-deficient rabbit. J Reprod Fert 60: 65–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones R and Glover TD (1973) The collection and composition of epididymal plasma from the cauda epididymidis of the rabbit. J Reprod Fert 34: 395–403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones R and Glover TD (1975) Interrelationships between spermatozoa, the epididymis and epididymal plasma. In: The Biology of the Male Gamete. Eds JG Duckett and PM Racey, Suppl No 1 to the Biol J Linnaen Soc 7: 367–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones R, Hamilton DW and Fawcett DW (1979a) Morphology of the epithelium of the extra-testicular rete testis, ductuli efferentes and ductus epididymidis of the adult nmale rabbit. Am J Anat 156: 373–400

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones R, Hamilton DW and Fawcett DW (1979b) Some effects of testosterone. 5α-dihydro-testosterone, and 5α-androstane-3α, 17ß-diol on the morphology of the rabbit epididymis and prostate. J Ultrastruct Res 67: 194–208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones R, von Glos KI and Brown CR (1980) The synthesis of a spcrm-coaling protein in the initial segment of the rat epididymis is stimulated by factors in testicular fluid. IRCS Med Sci 8: 56

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones R, von Glos KI and Brown CR (1981) Characterization of hormonally regulated secretory proteins from the caput epididymidis of the rabbit. Biochem J 196: 105–114

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones R, Fournier-Delpech S and Willadson SA (1982) Identification of androgen-dependent proteins synthesised in vitro by the ram epididymis. Reprod Nutr Develop 22: 495–504

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kazeem AA (1983) The assessment of epididymal lymphatics within the concept of immunologically privileged sites. Lymphology 16: 168–173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kemp WR and Killian GJ (1978) Glycosidase activity in epididymal epithelial cells isolated from normal and α-chlorohydrin treated male rats. Contraception 17: 93–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kierszenbaum AL, Lea O, Petrusz P, French FS and Tres LL (1981) Isolation, culture, and immunocytochemical characterization of epididymal epithelial cells from pubertal and adult rats. Proc Natn Acad Sci US 78: 1675–1679

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Killian GJ (1981) A rapid and simple method for isolating principal cells from the rat caput epididymidis. J Androl 2: 255–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Killian GJ and Chapman DA (1980) Glycerylphosphorylcholine, sialic acid and protein in epithelial cells isolated from the rat caput epididymidis by elutriation. Biol Reprod 22: 846–850

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Killian GJ, Amann RP and Snyder J (1976) Isolation of principal and basal cells from the epithelium of the hamster caput epididvmidis by unit gravity sedimentation. Biol Reprod 15: 266–279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Killian GJ, Snyder J and Amann RP (1977) Unit gravity sedimentation separation of cells comprising the caput epididymidis of the rat. Cell Tiss Res 183: 371–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klinefelter GR and Amann RP (1980) Metabolism of testosterone by principal cells and basal cells isolated from the rat epididymal epithelium. Biol Reprod 22: 1149–1154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klinefelter GR and Hamilton DW (1984) Organ culture of rat caput epididymal tubules in a perifusion chamber. J Androl 5: 243–258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kormano M (1968) Microvasculature structure of the rat epididymis. Annls Med exp Biol Fenn 46: 113–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kormano M and Reijonen K (1976) Microvasculature structure of the human epididymis. Am J Anat 145: 23–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreth HW (1965) Ueber die hellen Zellen im Ductus Epididymidis der Ratte. Z Zellforsch 68: 28–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • le Lannou D and Chambon Y (1977a) Effets de la ligature des canaux efferentes ou de l’épidididyme, sur la fonction testiculaire et la secretion des gonadotrophines chez le rat. Comptes Rcndus Soc de Biol 171: 197–200

    Google Scholar 

  • le Lannou D and Chambon Y (1977b) Presence dans l’épididyme d’un facteur abaissant fortement le taux sanguin de FSH chez le rat. Comptes Rendus Soc de Biol 171: 636–638

    Google Scholar 

  • le Lannou D and Chambon Y (1977c) Presence dans l’épididyme d’un facteur inhibant la synthese hypothalamique de FSH-RH chez le rat. Comptes Rendus Soc de Biol 171: 1064–1067

    Google Scholar 

  • le Lannou D, Chambon Y and le Calve M (1979) Role of the epididymis in reabsorption of inhibin in the rat. J Reprod Fert Suppl 26: 117–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipner H and Rush ME (1981) Site of absorption of testicular inhibin. Fed Proc 40: 473 (abst)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubicz-Nawrocki CM (1973) Anomalous effects of progesterone on the maturation and survival of spermatozoa in the epididymis of the golden hamster. J Kndocr 58: 199–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacMillan EW (1953) The effects of interruption of the vasal and inferior epididymal arteries on the cauda epididymidis and testis. Proc Soc Fert 5: 12–19

    Google Scholar 

  • MacMillan EW (1954a) The blood supply of the epididymis in man. Brit J Urol 26: 60–71

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacMillan HW (1954b) Observations on the isolated vaso-epididymal loop and on the effects of experimental sub-capital epididymal obstructions. Studies on Fertility 6: 57–64

    Google Scholar 

  • MacMillan EW (1957) The caput epididymidis and trypan blue. J Anat 91: 616

    Google Scholar 

  • Mancini RE, Villar O, Alvarez B and Seiguer AC (1965) Extravascular and intratubular diffusion of labelled scrum proteins in the rat testis. J Histochem Cytochem 13: 376–385

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maneely RB (1959) Epididymal structure and function: a historical and critical review. Acta Zool 40: 1–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martan J (1969) Epididymal histochemistry and physiology. Biol Reprod 1: 134–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mason KE and Shaver SL (1952) Some functions of the caput epididymidis. Ann New York Acad Sci 55: 585–593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayorga L and Bertini F (1983) Two populations of hydrolase-containing particles in rat epididymis. J Cell Physiol 117: 135–139

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Messier B and Leblond CP (1960) Cell proliferation and migration as revealed by radio-autography after injection of thymidine-3H into male rats and mice. Am J Anat 106: 247–285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller RJ and Killian GJ (1983) Rat epididymal halo cells have lymphocytic characteristics Biol Reprod 28:130 (abst)

    Google Scholar 

  • Minniberg DT and Schlossberg S (1983) The role of the epididymis in testicular descent. J Urol 129: 1207–1208

    Google Scholar 

  • Moniem KA, Glover TD and Lubicz-Nawrocki CM (1978) Effect of duct ligation and orchidectomy on histochcmical reactions in the hamster epididymis. J Reprod Fert 54: 173–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montorzi NM and Burgos MH (1967) Uptake of colloidal particles by cells of the ductuli efferentes of the hamster. Z für Zellforsch 83: 58–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore HDM and Bedford JM (1979a) The differential absorptive activity of epithelial cells of the rat epididymus before and after castration. Anat Rec 193: 313–328

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore HDM and Bedford JM (1979b) Short-term effects of androgen withdrawal on the structure of different epithelial cells in the rat epididymis. Anat Rec 193: 293–312

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore HDM and Pryor JP (1981) The comparative ultrastructure of the epididymis in monkeys and man: a search for a suitable animal model for studying epididymal physiology in Primates. Am J Primatol 1: 241–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morales C and Hermo L (1983) Demonstration of fluid-phase endocytosis in epithelial cells of the male reproductive system by means of horseradish peroxidase-colloidal gold complex. Cell Tiss Res 230: 503–510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami M, Nishida T, Iwanaga S and Shiromoto M (1984a) Scanning and transmission electron microscopic evidence of epithelial phagocytosis of spermatozoa in the terminal regions of the vas deferens of the cat. Experientia 40: 958–960

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami M, Iwanaga S, Nishida T and Aiba T (1984b) Phagocytosis of latex beads by the epithelial cells in the terminal region of the vas deferens of the cat: SEM and TEM study. Andrologia 16: 548–553

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami M and Nishida T (1985) Phagocytosis of spermatozoa and latex beads by epithelial cells of the ampulla vasis deferentis of the rabbit — a combined SEM and TEM study. Arch Histol Japon 48: 269–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy F and Edmonds RH (1975) Cellular proliferation and renewal in the various zones of the hamster epididymis after colchicine administration. Fert Steril 26: 460–468

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann F and Schenk B (1976) New antiandrogens and their mode of action. J Reprod Fert Suppl 24: 129–145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicander L (1957a) On the regional histology and cytochemistry of the ductus epididymis in rabbits. Acta Morph Neerl Scand 1: 99–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicander L (1957b) Studies on the regional histology and cytochemistry of the ductus epididymis in stallions, rams and bulls. Acta Morph Neerl Scand 1: 337–362

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicander L (1965) An electron microscopical study of absorbing cells in the posterior caput epididymis of rabbits. Z Zellforsch 66: 829–847

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicander L (1979) Fine structure of principal cells in the initial segment of the epididymis of the ram. Zb Vet Med C Anat Histol Embryol 8: 318–330

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicander L and Glover TD (1973) Regional histology and fine structure of the epididymal duct in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). J Anat 114: 347–364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicander L and Malmqvist M (1977) Ultrastructural observations suggesting merocrine secretion in the initial segment of the mammalian epididymis. Cell Tiss Res 184: 487–490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicander L and Ploen L (1979) Studies on regional fine structure and function in the rabbit epididymis. Int J Androl 2: 463–481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicander L, Osman DI, Ploen L, Briggs HP and Knisgaard KN (1983) Early effects of efferent ductule ligation on the proximal segment of the rat epididymis. Int J Androl 6: 91–102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niemi M and Tuohimaa P (1971) The mitogenic activity of testosterone in the accessory glands of the rat in relation to its conversion to dihydrotestosterone. In: Basic Action of Sex Steroids on Target Organs. Eds PO Hubinot, F Leroy and P Galand, Karger, Basel, pp 258–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Noordhuizenstassen EN, Charbon GA, de Jong FH and Wensing CIG (1985) Functional arteriovenous anastomosis between the testicular artery and the pampiniform plexus in the spermatic cord of rams. J Reprod Fert 75: 193–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Öfner P, Vena RL, Leav I and Hamilton DW (1979) Metabolism of C19-radiosteroids by explants of canine prostate and epididymis with disposition as hydroxylated products: a possible mechanism for androgen inactivation. J Steroid Biochem 11: 1367–1379

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olson GE, Jonas-Davies J, Hoffman LH and Orgebin-Crist MC (1983) Structural features of cultured epithelial cells from the adult rat epididymis. J Androl 4: 347–360

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orgebin-Crist MC and Ménézo Y (1980) A continuous flow method for organ cultrue of rabbit epididymis: morphology, amino acid utilization, glucose uptake, RNA, and protein synthesis. J Androl 1: 289–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Orgebin-Crist MC and Tichenor P (1972) Technique for studying sperm maturation in vitro. Nature (Lond.) 239: 227–228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orgebin-Crist MC, Danzo BJ and Davies J (1975) Endocrine control of the development and maintenance of sperm fertilizing ability in the epididymis. In: Handbook of Physiology, Section VII Endocrinology, vol 5, Male Reproductive System, Eds. RO Greep and DW Hamilton, Am Physiol Soc. Washington DC. pp 319–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pabst R and Schick P (1979) Proliferation of epithelial cells of vas deferens and epididymis of young adult rabbits. Archs Androl 2: 183–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Clavier R, Harrison RG and MacMillan EW (1982) The pattern of lymphatic drainage of the rat epididymis. J Anat 134: 667–675

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash A, Anand Kumar TC and Prasad MRN (1980) Ultrastructure of the epididymis in the rhesus monkey. In: Non-human Primate models for study of Human Reproduction. Ed TC Anand Kumar, S Karger. Basel, pp 129–135 )

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad MRN, Singh SP and Rajalakshmi M (1970) Fertility control in male rats by continuous release of microquantities of cyproterone acetate from subcutaneous silastic capsules. Contraception 2: 165–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajalakshmi, Singh SP and Prasad MRN (1971) Effects of microquantitites of cyproterone acetate released through silastic capsules on the histology of the epididymis of the rat. Contraception 3: 335–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajalakshmi M, Arora T, Bose TK, Dinakar N, Gupta G, Thampan TNRV and Prasad MRN (1976) Physiology of the epididymis and induction of functional sterility in the male. J Reprod Fert Suppl 24: 71–94

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos A (1980) Ultrastructural and histochemical observations on the principal cells of monkey epididymis. Archs Androl 5: 159–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos AS and Dym M (1977) Fine structure of the monkey epididymis. Am J Anal 149: 501–532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rastogi RK (1979) A critical appraisal of the effects of the antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate, on the epididymis in connection with fertility control in the mouse. J steroid Biochem 11: 101–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reid BL and Cleland KW (1957) The structure and function of the epididymis. I. The histology of the rat epididymis. Aust J Zool 5: 223–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reijonen K, Kormano M and Ericsson RJ (1975) Studies on the rat epididymal blood vessels following alpha-chlorohydrin administration. Biol Reprod 12: 483–490

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Revel JP, Yee AG and Hudspeth AJ (1971) Gap junctions between electrotonically coupled cells in tissue culture and in brown fat. Proc Natn Acad Sci US 68: 2924–2927

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richard M (1929) Über Resorption und Sekretion des Nebenhodens. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 10: 1269–1271

    Google Scholar 

  • Richard M (1930) Über Sekretion und Resorption des Nebenhodens. Deutsch Zeitschrift Chirurg 226: 98–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie AWS, Hargreave TB, James K and Chisholm GD (1984) Intra-epithelial lymphocytes in the normal epididymis. A mechanism for tolerance to sperm auto-antigens? Brit J Urol 56: 79–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sedar AW (1966) Transport of exogenous peroxidase across the epithelium of the ductuli efferentes. J Cell Biol 31: 102A (abst)

    Google Scholar 

  • Setchell BP and Hinton BT (1981) The effects on the spermatozoa of changes in the composition of luminal fluid as it passes along the epididymis. In: Epididymis and Fertility: Biology and Pathology. Eds C Bollack and A Clavert, S Karger, London. Progr Reprod Biol 8: 58–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Setchell BP, Waites GMH and Till AR (1964) Variations in flow of blood within the epididymis and testis of the sheep and rat. Nature (Lond) 203: 317–318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaver SL (1954) The role of stereocilia in removing India ink particles from the lumen of the rat epididymis. Anat Rec 119: 177–185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soranzo L, Dadoune JP and Fain-Maurel MA (1982) Segmentation of the epididymal duct in mouse: an ultrastructural study. Reprod Nutr Develop 22: 999–1012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinman RM, Millman IS, Muller WA and Cohn ZA (1983) Endocytosis and the recycling of plasma membrane. J Cell Biol 96: 1–27

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki F (1982) Microvasculature of the mouse testis and excurrent duct system. Am J Anat 163: 309–325

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stowe BA (1981) Thermal characteristics of the testis and epididymis of the boar. J Reprod Fert. 63: 551–557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun EL and Flickinger CJ (1979) Development of cell types and of regional differences in the post natal rat epididymis. Am J Anat 154: 27–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki F and Nagano T (1978) Regional differences of cell junctions in the excurrent duct epithelium of the rat testis as revealed by freeze fracture. Anat Rec 191: 503–520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takano H (1980) Qualitative and quantitative histology and histogenesis of the mouse epididymis, with special reference on the regional difference. Acta Anat Nippon 55: 573–587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuohimaa P and Niemi M (1974) Cell renewal and mitotic activity of testosterone in male acccessory organs. In: Male Accessory Organs. Structure and Function in Mammals. Ed DE Brandes, Acad Press, New York, pp 329–343

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner TT (1979) On the epididymis and its function. Invest Urol 16: 311–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner TT (1984) Resorption versus secretion in the rat epididymis. J Reprod Fert 72: 509–514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner TT and Howards SS (1985) The tenacity of the blood-testis and blood-epididymis barriers. In: Male Fertility and its Regulation. Eds TJ Lobl and ESE Hafez, MTP Press, Lancaster, pp 383–393

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Turner TT, D’Addario DA and Howards SS (1983) The transepithelial movement of 3H-3-O-mcthyl-D-glucose in the hamster seminiferous and cauda epididymal tubules. Fert Steril 40: 530–535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Wagenen G (1924a) Changes in the testis of the rat following ligation of the ductuli efferenti. Anat rec 29: 399 (abst)

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Wagenen G (1924b) Degeneration of germinal epithelium in the testis of the rat as a result of efferent duct ligation. Anat Rec 27: 189–190 (abst)

    Google Scholar 

  • Voglmayr JK, Musto NA, Saksena SK, Brown-Woodman PDC, Marley PB and White IG (1977) Characteristics of semen collected from the cauda epididymis of conscious rams. J Reprod Fert 49: 245–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagenseil F (1928) Experimentakuntersuchungen am Nebenhoden der Maus. Z Zellforsch 7: 141–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagley LM, Versluis TD, Brown DV and Amann RP (1984) Culture of principal cells from the ram epididymis. A comparison of the morphology of principal cells in culture and in situ. J Androl 5: 389–408

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waites GMH, Setchell BP and Quinlan D (1973) Effect of local heating of the scrotum, testes and epididmides of rats on cardiac output and regional blood flow. J Reprod Fert 34: 41–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walton JS, Evins JD and Waites GMH (1978) Effect of chronic removal of testicular fluid on the release of follicle stimulating hormone in hemicastrated rams. J Endocr 77: 421–422

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang YF and Holstein AF (1983) Intraepithelial lymphocytes and macrophages in the human epididymis. Cell Tiss Res 233: 517–521

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warner CW and Nienenhuis RJ (1983) Influence of abdominal temperature and luminal contents on the cauda epididymidis of the rat. Biol Reprod 29: 1011–1017

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weerasooriya TR and Yamamoto T (1985) Three-dimensional organisation of the vasculature of the rat spermatic cord and testis. A scanning electron-microsopic study of vascular corrosion casts. Cell Tiss Res 241: 317–323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weininger RB, Fisher S, Rifkin J and Bedford JM (1982) Experimental studies on the passage of specific IgG to the lumen of the rabbit epididymis. J Reprod Fert 66: 251–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White IG, Larsen LH and Wales RG (1959) Method for the in vivo collection of epididymal spermatozoa and for their comparison with ejaculated cells. Fert Steril 10: 571–577

    Google Scholar 

  • Wierzbowski S and Wierzchos E (1969) Cannulation of the vas deferens of the boar. J Reprod Fert 19: 173–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong PYD and Lee WM (1982) Effects of spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist) on electrolyte and water content of the cauda epididymidis and fertility of male rats. Biol Reprod 27: 771–777

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong PYD and Yeung CH (1978) Absorptive and secretory functions of the perfused rat cauda epididymidis. J Physiol 275: 13–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong PYD, Yeung CH and Ngai HK (1977) Effect of α-chlorohydrin on transport processes in perfused rat cauda epididymidis. Contraception 16: 637–644

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong YC, Wong PYD and Yeung CH (1978) Ultrastructural correlation of water resorption in isolated cauda epididymides. Experientia 34: 485–487

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong PYD, Au CL and Ngai HK (1978) Electrolyte and water transport in rat epididymis. Its possible role in sperm maturation. Int J Androl Suppl 5: 608–628

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong PYD, Au CL and Ngai HK (1979) Some characteristics of salt and water transport in the rat epididymis. In: The Spermatozoon. Eds DW Fawcett and JM Bedford, Urban and Schwarzenberg. Baltimore, pp 57–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong PYD, Au CL and Ngai HK (1980) Effects of 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose on electrolyte and water transport in the epididymis and fertility of male rats. Int J Androl 3: 82–86

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong PYD, Au C and Bedford JM (1982) Biology of the scrotum. II. Suppression by abdominal temperature of transepithelial ion and water transport in the cauda epididymidis. Biol Reprod 26: 683–689

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeung CH and Cooper TG (1982) Ultrastructure of the perfused rat epididymis: effect of luminal sodium ion concentration. Cell Tiss Res 226: 407–425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeung CH, Cooper TG and Waites GMH (1980) Carnitine transport into the perfused epididymis of the rat: regional differences, stereospecificity, stimulation by choline and effects of other luminal compounds. Biol Reprod 23: 294–304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young WC (1933) Die Resorption in den Ductuli efferentes der Maus und ihre Bedeutung für das Problem der Unterbindung im Hoden-Nebenhoden System. Z Zellforsch Mikroskop Anat Abt Histochem 17: 729–759

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zunke VU and Gossrau R (1981) Morphology and zonal division of the ductus epididymidis of rats. I Investigations of semi-thin sections. Anat Anz (Jena) 149: 409–424

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cooper, T.G. (1986). Epididymal Structure and Function. In: The Epididymis, Sperm Maturation and Fertilisation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71471-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71471-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-71473-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-71471-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics