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Systemic Pharmacology of Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists: Effects on the Digestive System

  • Chapter
Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 54 / 2))

Abstract

The inhibitory effect of secretions of the adrenal glands on the tone and motility of the gastro-intestinal tract was originally observed by Jacobj (1892). The similarity of this effect to that of adrenaline (A) and sympathetic nerve stimulation on gastro-intestinal smooth muscle led to the suggestion by several workers that A, or a similar substance, was being released as a neurotransmitter from sympathetic nerve endings (Dale, 1938; Elliott, 1904; Finkleman, 1930). The relaxation of the intestine by mesenteric nerve stimulation and adrenoceptor activation was reinvestigated by Åstrom (1949), and together with the results of biochemical assays, which showed that there was 12–15 times more noradrenaline (NA) than A in mesenteric nerves, it was suggested that NA was the neurotransmitter involved (von Euler, 1951). Measurement of the concentrations of different catecholamines (CA) with bioassay and chromatographic techniques in the effluent form cat (Mann and West, 1951; Mirkin and Bonnycastle, 1954) and rabbit (Mirkin and Bonnycastle, 1954) intestine during mesenteric nerve stimulation provided confirmatory evidence. Of the CA released, 95% was shown to be NA in the rabbit, and 90% in the cat. High levels of NA were also found in intestinal homogenates of rabbit (Shore, 1959), rat (Brodie et al., 1964) and guinea pig (Baumgarten et al., 1970; Govier et al., 1969).

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  1. G. Burnstock
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  2. H. Wong
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  1. Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical School of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary

    Lászlo Szekeres

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Burnstock, G., Wong, H. (1981). Systemic Pharmacology of Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists: Effects on the Digestive System. In: Szekeres, L. (eds) Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 54 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67584-3_3

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