Summary
Earlier studies, as well as anatomical findings of others, led to the development of a working hypothesis that the central noradrenergic system is analogous to the peripheral sympathetic system except that it is specialized, in part, for performing specific functions related to brain microvasculature. This hypothesis has been tested in adult rhesus monkeys with chronic bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomies in whom stereotaxically placed cannulae were permanently located in the locus coeruleus for electrical stimulation using concentric bipolar electrodes passed through the cannulae. Cerebral blood flow and brain permeability for water (H2 15O) were simultaneously measured as previously described. The results demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus produced a prompt increase in brain water permeability and a reduction of cerebral blood flow. Transient increase in water permeability and a decrease in cerebral blood flow was also induced by intracarotid infusion of hypertonic urea. Neurally mediated mechanism for regulation of brain water permeability is proposed which would account for changes in permeability induced by electrical stimulation and by mechanical distortion.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alekseyev, O.V., Chernukh, A.M.: Innervation of blood capillaries in the myocardium of the rat. Bibl. anat. (Basel) 12, 471–475 (1973)
Bello-Reuss, E., Trevino, D.L., Gottschalk, C.W.: Effect of renal sympathetic nerve stimulation on proximal water and sodium reabsorption. J. clin. Invest. 57, 1104–1107 (1976)
Crone, C.: The permeability of capillaries in various organs as determined by use of the “indicator diffusion” method. Acta physiol. scand. 58, 292–305 (1963)
Eichling, J.O., Raichle, M.E., Grubb, R.L., Jr., Ter-Pogossian, M.M.: Evidence of the limitations of water as a freely diffusible tracer in brain of the rhesus monkey. Circulat. Res. 35, 358–364 (1974)
Farquhar, M.G., Hartman, J.F.: Electron microscopy of cerebral capillaries. Anat. Rec. 124, 288 (1956)
Fillenz, M.: Innervation of pulmonary capillaries. Experientia (Basel) 25, 842 (1969)
Hartman, B.K., Zide, D., Udenfriend, S.: The use of dopamine 8-hydroxylase as a marker for the central noradrenergic nervous system in rat brain. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 69, 2722–2726 (1972)
Intaglietta, M., Rosell, S.: Capillary permeability and sympathetic activity in canine subcutaneous adipose tissue. Nature (Lond.) 249 481–482 (1974)
Johansson, B., Jonsson, O.: Cell volume as a factor influencing electrical and mechanical activity of vascular smooth muscle. Acta physiol. scand. 72, 456–468 (1968)
Krogh, A.: The Anatomy and Physiology of Capillaries. New Haven: Yale University Press 1929, pp. 107–109
Majno, G., Shea, S.M., Leventhal, M.: Endothelial contraction induced by histamine-type mediators. J. Cell Biol. 42, 647–672 (1969)
Raichle, M.E., Eichling, J.0., Grubb, R.L., Jr.: Brain permeability of water. Arch. Neurol. 30, 319–321 (1974)
Raichle, M.E., Hartman, B.K., Eichling, J.O., Sharpe, L.G.: Central noradrenergic regulation of cerebral blood flow and vascular permeability. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 72, 3726–3730 (1975)
Raichle, M.E., Eichling, J.O., Straatmann, M.G., Welch, M.J., Larson, K.B., Ter-Pogossian, M.M.: Blood-brain barrier permeability of 11C-labeled alcohols and 150-labeled water. Amer. J. Physiol. 230, 543–552 (1976)
Rapoport, S.I., Hori, M., Klatzo, I.: Testing of a hypothesis for osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier. Amer. J. Physiol. 223, 323–331 (1973)
Rankin, E.M.: Transport of potassium-42 from blood to tissue in isolated mammalian skeletal muscles. Amer. J. Physiol. 197, 1205–1210 (1959)
Rennels, M.L., Nelson, E.: Capillary innervation in the mammalian central nervous system: an electron microscopic demonstration. Amer. J. Anat. 144, 233–241 (1975)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1976 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Raichle, M.E., Eichling, J.O., Grubb, R.L., Hartman, B.K. (1976). Central Noradrenergic Regulation of Brain Microcirculation. In: Pappius, H.M., Feindel, W. (eds) Dynamics of Brain Edema. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66524-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66524-0_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-08009-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66524-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive