Skip to main content

Morphology of the Cerebellar Cortex

  • Chapter
Frog Neurobiology

Abstract

During the last decade, the cerebellum of the frog has been extensively used in electrophysiological as well as neuromorphological studies. The reason for this interest resides in the fact that the neuronal circuitry in this cerebellum is, from a quantitative viewpoint, one of the simplest of all the vertebrate cerebella studied. This simplicity allows a more precise analysis of the circuitry and a better understanding of the phylogenetic changes in the cerebellar evolution from lower forms to mammals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Angaut, P., Sotelo, C.: The fine structure of the cerebellar central nuclei in the cat. II. Synaptic organization Exp. Brain Res. 16, 431–454 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ariëns-Kappers, C.U., Hammer, H.: Das Zentralnervensystem des Ochsenfrosches (Rana Catesbeiana). Psychiat. Neurol. Bl. (Amst.) 22, 368–415 (1918).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ariëns-Kappers, C.U., Huber, G.C., Crosby, E.C.: The comparative anatomy of the nervous system of vertebrates, including man, vol. 1. New York: Hafner 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cajal, R.Y.: Histologie du système nerveux de l’Homme et des Vertébrés, vol. 2. Paris: Maloine 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan-Palay, V., Palay, S.L.: The synapse en marron between Golgi II neurons and mossy fibers in the rat’s cerebellar cortex. Z. Anat. Entwickl.-Gesch. 133, 274–287 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J.C.: The development of the cerebellum of vertebrates in relation to the control of movement. Naturwissenschaften 56, 525–534 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J.C., Ito, M., Szentágothai, J.: The cerebellum as a neuronal machine. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glees, P., Pearson, C., Smith, A.G.: Synapses on the Purkinje cells of the frog. Quart. J. exp. Physiol. 43, 52–60 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, E.G.: Axosomatic and axodendritic synapses of the cerebral cortex: an electron microscopic study. J. Anat. (Lond.) 93, 420–433 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, E.G.: The granule cells, mossy synapses and Purkinje cell spine synapses of the cerebellum: light and electron microscope observations. J. Anat. (Lond.) 95, 345–356 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, K.M.: Central projections of the eighth nerve in frogs. Brain, Behav. Evol. 5, 70–88 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, K.M.: The stato-acoustic nuclear complex and the nucleus cerebelli of the frog. Brain, Behav. Evol. 10, 146–156 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, D.E.: Neuronal organization of the cerebellar cortex in amphibia and reptilia. In: Neurobiology of Cerebellar Evolution and Development (R. Llinás, ed.), p. 279–324. Chicago: Am. Med. Assn. 1969a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, D.E.: Morphological organization of frog cerebellar cortex: a light and electron microscopic study. J. Neurophysiol. 32, 818–846 (1969b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, D.E.: Light and electron microscopical study of the relationships between the cerebellum and the vestibular organ of the frog. Exp. Brain Res. 9, 1–15 (1969c).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, D.E.: Vestibulocerebellar input in the frog: anatomy. In: Basic Aspects of Central Vestibular Mechanisms (A. Brodal, O. Pompeiano, eds.). Progress in Brain Research, vol. 37, p. 329–339. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingvar, S.: Zur Phylo- und Ontogenese des Kleinhirns. Folia neuro-biol. (Lpz.) 11, 205–495 (1918).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohno, K.: Neurotubules contained within the dendrite and axon of Purkinje cell of frog. Bull. Tokyo med. dent. Univ. 11, 411–42 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kooy, F.H.: The inferior olive in vertebrates. Folia neuro-biol. (Lpz.) 10, 205–369 (1917).

    Google Scholar 

  • Larramendi, L.M.H., Victor, T.: Synapses on Purkinje cell spines in the mouse. An electronmicroscopic study. Brain Res. 5, 15–30 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsell, O.: The cerebellum of the frog. J. comp. Neurol. 36, 89–112 (1923).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larsell, O.: The Comparative Anatomy and Histology of the Cerebellum from Myxinoids Through Birds (J. Jansen, ed.). Minneapolis: Univ. Minnesota Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Llinás, R.: Functional aspects of interneuronal evolution in the cerebellar cortex. In: The Interneuron (M.A.B. Brazier, ed.), U.C.L.A. Forum in Med. Sci. No. 11, p. 329–348. Los Angeles: Univ. Calif. Press 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Llinás, R., Bloedel, J.: Climbing fibre activation of Purkinje cells in the frog cerebellum. Brain Res. 3, 299–302 (1966/1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Llinás, R., Bloedel, J.R.: Frog cerebellum: Absence of long-term inhibition upon Purkinje cells. Science 155, 601–603 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Llinás, R., Bloedel, J.R., Hillman, D.E.: Functional organization of neuronal circuitry of frog cerebellar cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 32, 847–870 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Llinás, R., Hillman, D.E.: Physiological and morphological organization of the cerebellar circuits in various vertebrates. In: Neurobiology of Cerebellar Evolution and Development (R. Llinás, ed.), p. 43–73. Chicago: Am. Med. Assn. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Llinás, R., Precht, W., Kitai, S.T.: Climbing fibre activation of Purkinje cell following primary vestibular afferent stimulation in the frog. Brain Res. 6, 371–375 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehler, W.R.: Comparative anatomy of the vestibular nuclear complex in submammalian vertebrates. In: Basic Aspects of Central Vestibulár Mechanisms (A. Brodal, O. Pompeiano, eds.). Progress in Brain Research, vol. 37, p. 55–67. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mugnaini, E.: Neurones as synaptic targets. In: Excitatory Synaptic Mechanisms (P. Andersen, J.K.S. Jansen, eds.), p. 149–169. Oslo: Univ. Forlaget 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mugnaini, E.: The histology and cytology of the cerebellar cortex. In: The Human Cerebellum, Cerebellar Connections and Cerebellar Cortex (O. Larsell, J. Jansen, eds.), p. 201–265. Minneapolis: Univ. Minnesota Press 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nieuwenhuys, R.: Comparative anatomy of the cerebellum. In: The Cerebellum (C.A. Fox, R.S. Snider, eds.) Progress in Brain Research, vol. 25, p. 1–93. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1967.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Palay, S.L.: The electron microscopy of glomeruli cerebellosi. In: Cytology of the Nervous System. Proc. of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, p. 82–84. London: Taylor and Francis 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palay, S.L.: The structural basis for neural action. In: Brain Function. Vol. II. RNA and Brain Function; Memory and Learning (M.A.B. Brazier, ed.) U.C.L.A. Forum Med. Sci. No. 2, p. 69–108. Los Angeles: Univ. Calif. Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palay, S.L., Chan-Palay, V.: Cerebellar Cortex, Cytology and Organization. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Precht, W., Llinás, R.: Functional organization of the vestibular afferents to the cerebellar cortex of frog and cat. Exp. Brain Res. 9, 30–52 (1969a).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Precht, W., Llinás, R.: Comparative aspects of the vestibular input to the cerebellum. In: Neurobiology of Cerebellar Evolution and Development (R. Llinás, ed.), p. 677–699. Chicago: Am. Med. Assn. 1969b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbluth, J.: Redundant myelin sheaths and other ultra-structural features of the toad cerebellum. J. Cell Biol. 28, 73–93 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sotelo, C.: Ultrastructural aspects of the cerebellar cortex of the frog. In: Neurobiology of Cerebellar Evolution and Development (R. Llinás, ed.), p. 327–367. Chicago: Am. Med. Assn. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sotelo, C.: Stellate cells and their synapses on Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the frog. Brain Res. 17, 510–514 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sotelo, C.: Morphological correlates of electrotonic coupling between neurons in mammalian nervous system. In: Golgi Centennial Symposium. Proc. (M. Santini, ed.). New York: Raven 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sotelo, C., Llinás, R.: Specialized membrane junctions between neurons in the vertebrate cerebellar cortex. J. Cell Biol. 53, 271–289 (1972).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1976 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sotelo, C. (1976). Morphology of the Cerebellar Cortex. In: Frog Neurobiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66316-1_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66316-1_31

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66318-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66316-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics