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Sieve-Element Structure

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Transport in Plants I

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology ((PLANT,volume 1))

Abstract

Although it is now more than a hundred years since Hartig (1837, 1860) first discovered sieve tubes, and associated solute transport with sieve elements, the structure of functioning sieve elements and the mechanism of phloem transport are still controversial issues. The extreme sensitivity of sieve elements to injury has made physiological and structural investigations of these elements very difficult. Nevertheless there has been a tremendous upsurge of interest in sieve-element structure and function for the past two decades, especially with the arrival of the electronmicroscope as a biological tool. Inevitably, this increased interest in phloem has brought not only new insights to the problem but also some misconceptions. As Esau (1971 b) has pointed out, a lack of familiarity with the previous observations made by botanists, and preconceived notions about sieve-element function have in some cases obscured the view of structure. Furthermore, there is a tendency among some physiologists to assume that the structure of sieve elements in all the groups of vascular plants is the same in every respect. This chapter is therefore aimed at familiarizing the reader with the salient structural features of sieve elements not only in angiosperms, but also in other vascular plants. The literature on structure and development of phloem from its beginnings up to the late 1960’s has been comprehensively reviewed in a monumental volume by Esau (1969). Thus, only the more recent literature will be reviewed here.

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Authors
  1. M. V. Parthasarathy
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard University, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA, 01366, USA

    M. H. Zimmermann

  2. Department of Botany, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G 12 8QQ, Great Britain

    J. A. Milburn

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Parthasarathy, M.V. (1975). Sieve-Element Structure. In: Zimmermann, M.H., Milburn, J.A. (eds) Transport in Plants I. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66161-7_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66161-7_1

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