Abstract
Forest decline first came to public attention when the dominant silvicultural tree of Germany showed damage on a large geographic scale. Damaged Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karts., displayed symptoms which could not be explained by known pathogens or other factors. In the Fichtelgebirge (northeast Bavaria, Federal Republic of Germany), the earliest observations of the typical decline symptoms of needle chlorosis and needle loss were made in 1978 (Zech, personal communication). When these symptoms appeared over a larger area, research on permanent observation plots began in 1981–82 (Bayerische Staatsforstverwaltung 1982–87). Research first focused on classifying the damage according to the various degrees of chlorosis and needle loss (Table 1).
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© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Uhlmann, W., Altner, H., Schulze, ED., Lange, O. (1989). Introduction: The Problem of Forest Decline and the Bavarian Forest Toxicology Research Group. In: Schulze, ED., Lange, O.L., Oren, R. (eds) Forest Decline and Air Pollution. Ecological Studies, vol 77. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61332-6_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61332-6_1
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