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Energy Metabolism and Nutrition

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Comprehensive Human Physiology

Abstract

Every cell constitutes an energy transformer. Chemotrophic cells take up chemical energy in the form of energy substrates such as glucose, fatty acids, or amino acids and phototrophic cells take up physical energy in the form of light. They transform the energy taken up into “biological” energy via fermentation and (cellular) respiration and via photosynthesis, respectively. Cells expend biological energy for chemical work in a multitude of biosyntheses, for osmotic work in transport processes, e.g., over the plasma membrane, and for mechanical work in the movement of intracellular components, e.g., chromosomes. The conversion of chemical or physical energy into biological energy, which is termed energy metabolism, as well as the utilization of biological energy for the various work functions, which is termed work metabolism, cannot be achieved with 100% efficiency. Therefore, a cell dissipates energy in the form of heat during both energy and work metabolism (Fig. 71.1A).

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  1. K. Jungermann
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  1. Physiologisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany

    Rainer Greger

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., T2N 4N1, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

    Uwe Windhorst

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Jungermann, K., Barth, C.A. (1996). Energy Metabolism and Nutrition. In: Greger, R., Windhorst, U. (eds) Comprehensive Human Physiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60946-6_72

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