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Tissue Culture

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Diagnostic Cytogenetics

Part of the book series: Springer Lab Manual ((SLM))

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Abstract

The history of in vitro tissue culture dates from the closing years of the 19th century. Loeb (1897), one of the first pioneers in this field, used organotypic cultures. In the initial period, tissue culture was used primarily for investigations in the field of physiology and embryology; however, medical and genetic questions soon gained an important position. Until the development of specific culture media (Eagle, 1955), the cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes depended on spontaneously dividing cells. In 1956, Tijo and Levan, using cultured embryonic cells, were the first scientists to report the correct number of human chromosomes as 46. Further fundamental events brought the breakthrough of cytogenetics as a clinical science: Moorhead et al (1960) established an in vitro culture method for the accumulation of dividing cells by using colchicine to arrest cells at metaphase. Also in 1960 Nowell discovered the mitogenic property of phytohemagglutinin, which resulted in a further improvement of cytogenetic techniques, notably in the use of peripheral blood cells. In 1966 Steele and Breg succeeded in culturing amniotic fluid cells and karyotyping fetal chromosomes; today the basic cell culture technology of amniotic fluid cells can be attributed to Milunsky (1979). In vitro culture of chorionic villi was developed through the 1970s, eg by Hahnemann (1974); however it took several years for the culture technique to be improved by Niazi et al (1981) and Brambati and Simoni (1983).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abt. Med. Genetik, UKBB-Universitäts-Kinderspital beider Basel, Römergasse 8, Basel, 4058, Switzerland

    Friedel Wenzel

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  1. Friedel Wenzel
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  1. Institut für Humangenetik, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353, Berlin, Germany

    Rolf-Dieter Wegner Ph.D.

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© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Wenzel, F. (1999). Tissue Culture. In: Wegner, RD. (eds) Diagnostic Cytogenetics. Springer Lab Manual. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59918-7_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59918-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-47813-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59918-7

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