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Principles of Metal Purification and Purity Evaluation

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Purification Process and Characterization of Ultra High Purity Metals

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Processing ((SSMATERIALSPROC))

Abstract

Techniques of metal refining and purification rely on the differences in physicochemical properties of the base metal and the impurities. In order to reach the desired ultra-high purity, a sequence of complementary refining steps is required. These steps fundamentally apply chemical, electrochemical and physical methods, usually in this order. A substance is considered to be practically pure if its properties are determined by the atomic-crystalline structure and the intrinsic defects of the crystal lattice, while the relative effect of impurities is negligible [1]. Concentrations of impurities as low as one part in a million of the matrix metal can significantly influence the physical properties. The effect of a certain impurity also depends on the state of occurrence. Electrical properties are influenced practically by substitutional impurities, homogeneously dissolved in the material, while mechanical properties are strongly dependent on interstitial ones. The influence of minute quantities of impurities on the physical properties of the base metal can be applied for the purpose of indirect purity evaluation, thus providing comparative methods to accompany direct element al analysis.

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  1. T. Kekesi
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  2. M. Isshiki
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Multidisciplinary, Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-choume 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan

    Yoshio Waseda  & Minoru Isshiki  & 

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Kekesi, T., Isshiki, M. (2002). Principles of Metal Purification and Purity Evaluation. In: Waseda, Y., Isshiki, M. (eds) Purification Process and Characterization of Ultra High Purity Metals. Springer Series in Materials Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56255-6_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56255-6_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62530-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56255-6

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