Abstract
As early as the 1920s single crystals of cadmium and zinc, with remarkably high purity, had already been produced by Boas and Schmid [1,2], shortly before the concept of dislocations was introduced in 1934 by Orowan [3], Polanyi [4] and Taylor [5], based on Prandtl’s “Vernier defects” [6] and Dehlinger’s “Verhakungen” [7]. Accordingly, the early work on the mechanical properties of metal crystals was concentrated on the plasticity of the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) metals cadmium and zinc, followed by investigations on face-centered cubic (fcc) metals and alloys. Most of the basic findings on the plasticity of metals were established by investigations on metals with a close-packed structure: the essentially athermal nature of the deformation of crystals by slip, the crystallography of slip and twinning, and Schmid’s law [8] for the onset of slip. (For a review up to 1934, see Schmid and Boas [9]; for the work up to 1958, see [10].)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. Boas, E. Schmid: Z. Phys. 54, 16 (1929)
W. Boas, E. Schmid: Z. Phys. 57, 575 (1929), 61, 767 (1930)
E. Orowan: Z. Phys. 89, 634 (1934)
M. Polanyi: Z. Phys. 89, 660 (1934)
G.I. Taylor: Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 145, 362 (1934)
L. Prandtl: Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 8, 85 (1928)
U. Dehlinger: Ann. Phys. Lpzg. 2, 749 (1929)
E. Schmid, In: Proceedings of the International Congress for Applied Mechanics (Delft, 1924), p. 342
E. Schmid, W. Boas: Kristallplastizität unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Metalle (Springer, Berlin 1935)
A. Seeger: In Encyclopedia of physics, ed. by S. Flügge (Springer, Berlin 1958) Vol. VII/2, p. 1
G.I. Taylor, C.F. Elam: Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 112, 337 (1926)
G.I. Taylor: In Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress for Applied Mechanics (Orell Füssli, Zürich 1927) p. 45
G.I. Taylor: Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 118, 1 (1928)
H.J. Gough: Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 118, 498 (1928)
W. Fahrenhorst, E. Schmid: Z. Phys. 78, 383 (1932)
F. Sauerwald, H.I. Sossinka: Z. Phys. 78, 634 (1932)
A. Seeger: Z. Metallkde. 72, 369 (1981)
T. Parkhomenko: Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 3, 74 (1977); Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. 3, 37 (1977)
D. Brunner, J. Diehl: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 104, 145 (1987)
R.L. Simalek, T.E. Mitchell: Phil. Mag. 22, 1105 (1970)
R. Lachenmann, H. Schultz: Scr. Metall. 6, 731 (1972)
R. Lachenmann, H. Schultz: Z. Metallkde. 66, 443 (1975)
D.B. Miracle: Acta Metall. Mater. 41, 649 (1993)
R.D. Noebe, R.R. Bowman, M.V. Nathal: Int. Mater Rev. 38, 193 (1993)
B. Brunner, P. Gumbsch: to be published in Mater Sci. Eng. A
B. Sestak, A. Seeger: Z. Metallkde. 69, 195, 355, 425 (1978)
J.W. Christian: Metall. Trans. A 14, 1237 (1983)
P.B. Hirsch: Discussion, 5th Int. Conf. on Crystallography (Cambridge 1960)
P.G. Bordoni: J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 26, 495 (1954)
A. Seeger: Phil. Mag. 1, 651 (1956)
R. Peierls: Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. 52, 34 (1940)
F.R.N. Nabarro: Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. 59, 236 (1947)
A. Seeger, P. Schiller: In Physical acoustics, ed. by W. P. Mason (Academic Press, New York London 1966) Vol. IIIA, p. 361
W. Shockley: Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Metall. Engrs. 194, 829 (1952)
G. Schottky: Phys. Stat. Sol. 5, 697 (1964)
F.R.N. Nabarro: Mater Sci. Eng. A 234-236, 67 (1997)
W. Meissner, M. Polanyi, E. Schmid: Z. Phys. 66, 477 (1930)
T.H. Blewitt, R.R. Coltman, J.K. Redman: In Report on a conference on defects in solids, held in Bristol 1954 (The Physical Society, London 1965) p. 349
A. Seeger: In Selected topics on condensed matter physics, ed. by W. E. Alnaser (University of Bahrein, Omega Scientific, Wallingford, U.K. 1993) p. 192
A. Seeger: J. Physique (IV) 5, C7–45 (1995)
V.I. Startsev: In Dislocations in solids, ed. by F.R.N. Nabarro (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1983) Vol. 6, p. 143
P. Haasen: Phil. Mag. 3, 384 (1958)
J. Diehl: Z. Metallkde. 47, 331, 411 (1956)
S. Mader: Z. Phys. 149, 73 (1957)
A. Seeger, H. Kronmüller, S. Mader, H. Träuble: Phil. Mag. 6, 639 (1961)
H. Mughrabi: Phil. Mag. 18, 1211 (1968)
U. Essmann: Phys. Stat. Sol. 12, 707, 723 (1965)
H. Mughrabi: Phil. Mag. 23, 869, 897, 931 (1971)
U. Essmann: Phys. Stat.Sol. 3, 932 (1963)
S.J. Basinski, Z.S. Basinski: In Dislocations in solids, ed. by F.R.N. Nabarro (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1979) Vol. 4, p. 261
M. Ahlers, P. Haasen: Acta Metall. 10, 977 (1962)
U.F. Kocks: Trans. AIME 230, 1160 (1964)
A. Seeger, M. Wilkens: In Realstruktur und Eigenschaften von Reinststoffen, ed. by E. Rexer (Akademie- Verlag, Berlin 1967) Vol. 3, p. 29
H. Mughrabi: In Constitutive equations in plasticity ed. by A. S. Argon (MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1975) p. 199
W.M. Lomer: Phil. Mag. 42, 1327 (1951)
A.H. Cottrell: Phil. Mag. 43, 645 (1952)
F.R.N. Nabarro, Z.S. Basinski, D.B. Holt: Adv. in Phys. 13, 193 (1964)
P. Lukac, J. Balík: In Key engineering materials, ed. by P. Lukác, ISPMA 6 (Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland 1994) Vols. 97-98, p. 307
E. Nes: Prog. Mater. Sci. 41, 129 (1998)
D. Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf: Phil. Mag. 79, 955 (1999)
A. Seeger: Phil. Mag. 45, 771 (1954)
A. Seeger: In Dislocations and mechanical properties of crystals, ed. by. J.C. Fisher, W.G. Johnston, R. Thomson, T. Vreeland, Jr. (John Wiley, New York 1957) p. 243
A. Seeger, J. Diehl, S. Mader, H. Rebstock: Phil. Mag. 2, 323 (1957)
H. Kronmüller: In Moderne Probleme der Metallphysik ed. by A. Seeger (Springer, Berlin 1965) Vol. 1, p. 126
H. Kronmüller: Can. J. Phys. 45, 631 (1967)
A. Seeger: In Work hardening, ed. by J.P. Hirth, J. Weertman (Gordon & Breach, New York 1968) p. 27
U.F. Kocks, A.S. Argon, M.F. Ashby: Prog. Mater. Sci. 19, 1 (1975)
G. Schoeck: In Dislocations in solids, ed. by F.R.N. Nabarro (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1980) Vol. 3, p. 63
P.C.J. Gallagher: Metall. Trans. 1, 2429 (1970)
A. Seeger: Phil. Mag. 46, 1194 (1955)
H.A. Kramers: Physica 7, 284 (1940)
E. Orowan: Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. 52, 8 (1940)
D. Elefant: Dr. rer. nato thesis, Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR/ Zentralistitut für Festkörperphysik und Werkstofforschung Dresden (1971)
W. Pichl, M. Krystian: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 160, 373 (1997)
Y. Aono, E. Kuramoto, D. Brunner, J. Diehl: In Strength of metals and alloys, ed. by P.O. Kettunen, T.K. Lepistö, M.E. Lehtonen ICSMA 8 (Pergamon Press, Oxford 1988) Vol. 1, p. 271
L. Kaun, A. Luft, J. Richter, D. Schulze: In Realstruktur und Eigenschaften von Reinststoffen, ed. by E. Rexer (Akademie- Verlag, Berlin 1967) Vol. 3, p. 489
L. Kaun, A. Luft, J. Richter, D. Schulze: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 26, 485 (1968)
A. Luft, L. Kaun: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 37, 781 (1970)
A. Luft: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 42, 429 (1970)
J. Richter: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 46, 203 (1971)
A. Luft, J. Richter, W. Reitzenstein, P. Finke: In 3. Internationales Symposium Reinststoffe in Wissenschaft und Technik, ed. by M. Balarin (Akademic- Verlag, Berlin 1972) Vol. 4, p. 285
A. Luft, L. Kaun: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 18, 109 (1973)
A. Köthe: In Ultra-high-purity base metals, ed. by K. Abiko, K. Hirokawa, S. Takaki, UHPM 96 (The Japan Institute of Metals, Sendai 1995) p. 291
L. Hollang: Dr. rer. nato thesis, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart (1995)
D. Brunner, J. Diehl, A. Seeger: In The structure and the properties of crystal defects, ed. by V. Paidar, L. Lejcek (Elsevier, Amsterdam New York 1984) p. 175
A. Lawley, H.L. Gaigher: Phil. Mag. 10, 15 (1964)
H.W. Loesch, F.R. Brotzen: J. Less-Common Metals 13, 565 (1967)
H. Matsui, H. Kimura: Trans. Jpn. Inst. Metals 22, 481 (1981)
D. Vesely: Phil. Mag. 27, 607 (1973)
W. Wasserbäch: Phil. Mag. A 38, 401 (1978)
K. Kitajima, Y. Aono, H. Abe, E. Kuramoto: Scr. Metall. 13, 1033 (1979)
K. Kitajima, Y. Aono, E. Kuramoto: Scr. Metall. 15, 919 (1981)
C.J. McMahon, Jr.: In Advances in materials research, ed. by H. Herman (Interscience, New York 1968) Vol. 2, p. 121
F. Ackermann, H. Mughrabi, A. Seeger: Acta Metall. 31, 1353 (1983)
L. Hollang, M. Hommel, A. Seeger: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 160, 329 (1997)
L. Hollang, D. Brunner, A. Seeger: to be published in Mater. Sci. Eng. A
D.J. Quesnel, A. Sato, M. Meshii: Mater. Sci. Eng. 18, 208 (1975)
J. Diehl, M. Schreiner, S. Staiger, S. Zwiesele: Scr. Metall. 10, 949 (1976)
D. Tseng, K. Tangri: Scr. Metall. 11, 719 (1977)
H. Matsui, S. Moriya, S. Takaki, H. Kimura: Trans. Jpn. Inst. Metals 19, 163 (1978)
E. Kuramoto, Y. Aono, K. Kitajima: Scr. Metall. 13, 1039 (1979)
C.D. Statham, D.A. Koss, J.W. Christian: Phil. Mag. 26, 1080 (1972)
A.J. Garratt-Reed, G. Taylor: Phil. Mag. A 33, 577 (1976)
J. Nakagawa, M. Meshii: Phil. Mag. A 44, 1165 (1981)
S. Takeuehi, K. Maeda: Acta Metall. 25, 1485 (1977)
F. Guiu, P.L. Pratt: Phys. Stat. Sol. 15, 539 (1966)
Y. Aono, E. Kuramoto, K. Kitajima: In Strength of metals and alloys, ed. by R.C. Gifkins, ICSMA 6 (Pergamon Press, Oxford 1982) Vol. 1, p. 9
H.J. Kaufmann: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 65, 53 (1981)
D. Brunner, J. Diehl: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 124, 155, 455 (1991), 125, 203 (1991)
G.I. Taylor: J. Inst. Metals 62, 307 (1938)
P.J. Sherwood, F. Guiu, H.C. Kim, P.L. Pratt: Can. J. Phys. 45, 1075 (1967)
F. Guiu: Scr. Metall. 3, 449 (1969)
G.J. Irwing, F. Guiu, P.L. Pratt: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 22, 685 (1974)
M. Anglada, B. Etemad, J.A. Planell, F. Guiu: Scr. Metall. 14, 1319 (1980)
J.A. Planell, F. Guiu: Phil. Mag. 54, 325 (1986)
A. Seeger, L. Hollang: Mater. Trans. JIM 41, 141 (2000)
G. Taylor, R. Bajaj, O.N. Carlson: Phil. Mag. 28, 1035 (1973)
M.S. Duesberry, R.A. Foxall: Phil. Mag. 20, 719 (1969)
S. Takeuehi, E. Kuramoto, T. Suzuki: Acta Metall. 20, 909 (1972)
W. Wasserbäch: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 147, 417 (1995)
A. Seeger: to be published in Mater. Sci. Eng. A
A.J. Garratt-Reed, G. Taylor: Phil. Mag. A 39, 597 (1979)
H. Suzuki: In Dislocations in solids, ed. by F.R.N. Nabarro (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1979) Vol. 4, p. 191
E. Pink: Z. Metallkde. 64, 871 (1973)
Y. Aono, D. Brunner, J. Diehl: In Strength of metals and alloys, ed. by P.O. Kettunen, T.K. Lepistö, M.E. Lehtonen ICSMA 8 (Pergamon Press, Oxford 1988) Vol. 1, p. 509
D. Brunner, J. Diehl: Mater. Sci. Eng. A 164, 350 (1993)
D. Brunner, J. Diehl: In Strength of metals and alloys, ed. by K. Oikawa, K. Maruyama, S. Tacheuchiu, M. Yamaguchi ICSMA 10 (The Japan Institute of Metals, Sendai 1994) Vol. 1, p. 141
D. Brunner, J. Diehl: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 160, 355 (1997)
A. Sato, T. Mifune, M. Meshii: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 18, 699 (1973)
E. Pink, R.J. Arsenault: Prog. Mater. Sci. 24, 1 (1979)
A. Seeger, B. Šesták: Scr. Metall. 5, 875 (1971)
R.H. Chambers: In Physical acoustics, ed. by W.P. Mason (Academic Press, New York London 1966) Vol. IIIA, p. 123
A. Seeger: In Dislocations 1984, ed. by P. Veyssiere, L. Kubin, J. Castaing (Editions C.N.R.S., Paris 1984) p. 141
Y.T. Chou, G.T. Sha: Metall. Trans. 3, 2857 (1972)
J.D. Eshelby: Proc. Roy. Soc. A 266, 222 (1962)
M. Werner: Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 104, 63 (1987)
U. Holzwarth, A. Seeger: In Strength of metals and alloys, ed. by D.G. Brandon, R. Chaim, A. Rosen, ICSMA 9 (Freund, London 1991) Vol. 1, p. 577
D. Brunner, V. Glebovski: Mater. Lett. 42, 290 (2000)
D. Brunner, J. Diehl: Z. Metallkde. 83, 828 (1992)
W. Frank, A. Seeger: Mater. Sci. Forum 15-18, 57 (1987)
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hollang, L. (2002). Mechanical Properties. In: Waseda, Y., Isshiki, M. (eds) Purification Process and Characterization of Ultra High Purity Metals. Springer Series in Materials Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56255-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56255-6_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62530-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-56255-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive