Skip to main content

JGOFS: a Retrospective View

  • Chapter
Ocean Biogeochemistry

Part of the book series: Global Change — The IGBP Series (closed) ((GLOBALCHANGE))

Abstract

The international JGOFS project was initiated in 1987 and carried out its first major process study in the North Atlantic in 1989. Since then major process studies have been made in the Equatorial Pacific, the Arabian Sea, the Southern Ocean, and the North Pacific, major time series have been initiated in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans, and a world-wide survey of ocean CO2 has been made in conjunction with WO CE. During the last couple of years the vast datasets from these activities have begun to be synthesised into a coherent picture of the carbon, and other element, cycles in the ocean. Early results of this synthesis are summarised in recent reviews (Field et al. 2000; Fasham et al. 2001) and are the subject of the chapters in this book. I do not intend to repeat here the scientific conclusions of these reviews but will look back over the last 15 years to give an overall survey of what work has been carried out by JGOFS, and discuss how well the goals and expectations of the original plans have been realised.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed SI, Khan N, Saleem M, Ali A (1995) Changes in biomass and size-fractionated primary productivity in the northern Arabian Sea in response to winter and summer monsoons. In: Thompson M-F, Tirmizi NM (eds) The Arabian Sea: living marine resources and the environment. Balkema Rotterdam, pp 479–495

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson LG, Drange H, Chierici M, Fransson M, Johannessen T, Skjelvan I, Rey F (2000) Annual carbon fluxes in the upper Greenland Sea based on measurements and a box model approach. Tellus B 52:1013–1024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson RF, Smith WO Jr. (2001) The US Southern Ocean Joint Global Ocean Flux Study: vol. 2. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 48:3883–3890

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balch WM, Kilpatrick KA, Holligan P, Harbour D, Fernandez E (1996a) The 1991 coccolithophore bloom in the central North Atlantic. 2. Relating optics to coccolith concentration. Limnol Oceanogr 41:1684–1696

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balch WM, Kilpatrick KA, Trees CC (1996b) The 1991 coccolithophore bloom in the central North Atlantic. 1. Optical properties and factors affecting their distribution. Limnol Oceanogr 41:1669–1683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bathmann U, Priddle J, Tréguer P, Lucas M, Hall J, Parslow J (2000) Plankton ecology and biogeochemistry in the Southern Ocean: a review of Southern Ocean JGOFS. In: Hanson RB, Ducklow HW, Field JG (eds) The changing ocean carbon cycle: a midterm synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 300–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrenfeld MJ, Bale AJ, Kolber ZS, Aiken J, Falkowski PG (1996) Confirmation of iron limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 383:508–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bender ML, Ducklow HW, Kiddon J, Marra J, Martin JH (1992) The carbon balance during the 1989 spring bloom in the North Atlantic Ocean at 47°N 20°W. Deep-Sea Res 39:1707–1725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berelson WM, Anderson RF, Dymond J, Demaster D, Hammond DE, Collier R, Honjo S, Leinen M, McManus J, Pope R, Smith C, Stephens M (1997) Biogenic budgets of particle rain, benthic remineralization and sediment accumulation in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 44:2251–2283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bodungen Bv, Antia A, Bauerfeind E, Haupt OJ, Koeve W, Machado E, Peeken I, Peinert R, Reitmeier S, Thomsen C, Voss M, Wunsch M, Zeller U, Zeitzschel B (1995) Pelagic processes and vertical flux of particles: an overview of a long-term comparative study in the Norwegian Sea and Greenland Sea. Geol Rundsch 84:11–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd PW, Law CS (2001) The Southern Ocean Iron RElease Experiment (SOIREE) — introduction and summary. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 48:2425–2438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd PW, Goldblatt RH, Harrison PJ (1999a) Mesozooplankton grazing manipulations during in vitro iron enrichment studies in the NE subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 46:2645–2668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd PW, Harrison PJ, Johnson BD (1999b) The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (Canada) in the NE subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 46:2345–2350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burkill PH (1999) ARABESQUE: an overview. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 46:529–547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiba ST, Hirawake T, Ushio S, Horimota N, Satoh R, Nakajima Y, Ishimaru T, Yamaguchi Y (2000) An overview of the biological/oceanographic survey by the RTV Umitaka-Maru III off Adélie Land, Antarctica, between January–February 1996. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 47:2589–2613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chipman DW, Marra J, Takahashi T (1993) Primary production at 47° N 20° W in the North Atlantic Ocean: a comparison between the 14C incubation method and the mixed layer carbon budget. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 40:151–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coale KH, Johnson KS, Fitzwater SE, Gordon RM, Tanner S, Chavez FP, Ferioli L, Sakamoto C, Rogers P, Millero F, Steinberg P, Nightingale P, Cooper D, Cochlan WP, Landry MR, Constantinou J, Rollwagen G, Trasvina A, Kudela R (1996) A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Paciflc Ocean. Nature 383: 495–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conkwright M, Balino BM (2000) Meeting of the JGOFS Data Management Task Team, 5–6 June 2000. JGOFS International Project Office, 40 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper DJ, Watson AJ, Nightingale PD (1996) Large decrease in ocean-surface CO2 fugacity in response to in situ iron fertilization. Nature 383:511–513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox PM, Betts RA, Jones CD, Spall SA, Tottedell IJ (2000) Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model. Nature 408:184–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dadou I, Lamy F, Rabouille C, Ruiz-Pino D, Andeesen V, Bianchi M, Garçon V (2001) An integrated biological pump model from the euphotic zone to the sediment: a 1-D application in the Northeast tropical Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 48:2345–2381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davenport R, Neuer S, Hernadez-Guerra A, Rueda MJ, Llinas O, Fischer G, Wefer G (1999) Seasonal and interannual pigment concentration in the Canary Island region from CZCS data and comparison with observations from the ESTOC. Int J Remote Sens 20:1419–1433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Baar HJW, Boyd PW (2000) The role of iron in plankton ecology and carbon dioxide transfer in the global oceans. In: Hanson RB, Ducklow HW, Field JG (eds) The changing ocean carbon cycle: a midterm synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 61–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Ducklow HW (1989) Joint Global Ocean Flux Study: the 1989 North Atlantic bloom Experiment. Oceanography 2:4–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Ducklow HW, Harris RP (1993) Introduction to the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 40:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fasham MJR, Evans GT (2000) Advances in ecosystem modelling within JGOFS. In: Hanson RG, Ducklow HW, Field JG (eds) The changing ocean carbon cycle: a midterm synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. Cambridge University Press Cambridge, pp 417–446

    Google Scholar 

  • Fasham MJR, Boyd PW, Savidge G (1999) Modeling the relative contributions of autotrophs and heterotrophs to carbon flow at a Lagrangian JGOFS station in the northeast Atlantic: the importance of DOC. Limnol Oceanogr 44:80–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fasham MJR, Balino BM, Bowles MC (2001) A new vision of ocean biogeochemistry after a decade of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). Ambio Special Report, 3–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Feely RA, Wanninkhof R, Goyet C, Archer DE, Takahashi T (1997) Variability of CO2 distributions and sea-air fluxes in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1991–1994 El Niño. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 44:1851–1867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field JG, Ducklow HW, Hanson RB (2000) Some conclusion and highlights of JGOFS mid-project achievements. In: Hanson RB, Ducklow HW, Field JG (eds) The changing ocean carbon cycle: a midterm synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 493–499

    Google Scholar 

  • Gage JD, Levin LA, Wolff GA (2000) Benthic processes in the deep Arabian Sea: introduction and overview. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 47:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaillard J-F (1997) ANTARES-I: a biogeochemical study of the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 44:951–961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall J, Smith SV, Boudreau PR (1996) Report on the International Workshop on Continental Shelf Fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. LOICZ, Texel, The Netherlands, 50 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Hannon E, Boyd PW, Silvoso M, Lancelot C (2001) Modeling the bloom evolution and carbon flows during SOIREE: implications for future in situ iron-enrichments in the Southern Oceans. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 48:2745–2773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison WG, Head EJH, Home EPW, Irwin B, Li WKW, Longhurst AR, Paranjape MA, Piatt T (1993) The western North Atlantic Bloom Experiment. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 40:278–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison WG, Aristegui J, Head EJH, Li W, Longhurst AR, Sameoto DD (2001) Basinscale variability in plankton biomass and community metabolism in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 48:2241–2293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiroe Y, Yasuda I, Komatsu K, Kawasaki I, Joyce TM, Bahr F (2002) Transport of North Pacific intermediate water in the Kuroshio-Oyashio interfrontal zone. Deep-Sea Res II 49:5353–5364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishizaka J, Harada K, Ishikawa K, Kiyosawa H, Furusawa H, Watanabe Y, Ishida H, Susuki K, Handa N, Takahashi M (1997) Size and taxonomic plankton community structure and carbon flow at the equator, 175° E during 1990–1994. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 44:1927–1950

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeandel C, Ruiz-Pino D, Gjata E, Poisson A, Brunet C, Charriaud E, Dehairs F, Delille D, Fiala M, Fravalo C, Miquel JC, Park Y-H, Pondaven P, Quéguiner B, Razouls S, Shauer B, Tréguer P (1998) KERFIX, a time-series station in the Southern Ocean: a presentation. J Marine Syst 17:555–569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karl DM, Lukas R (1996) The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program: background, rationale and field implementation. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 43:129–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karl DM, Bidigare RR, Letelier RM (2001) Long-term changes in plankton community structure and productivity in the North Pacific Subtropical gyre: the domain shift hypothesis. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 48:1449–1470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koeve W, Ducklow HW (2001) JGOFS synthesis and modeling: the North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 48:2141–2154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Borgne R, Rödler M (1997) Net Zooplankton and the biological pump: a comparison between the oligotrophic and mesotrophic Pacific. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 44:2003–2024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Févre J, Tréguer P (1998) Carbon fluxes and dynamic processes in the Southern Ocean: present and past. J Marine Syst 17:1–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Févre N, Watson AJ (1999) Modeling the geochemical cycle of iron in the oceans and its impact on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Global Biogeochem Cy 13:727–736

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu KK, Atkinson L, Chen CTA, Gao S, Hall J, MacDonald RW, McManus LT, Quiñones R (2000a) Exploring continental margin carbon fluxes on a global scale. Eos 81:641–644

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu KK, Iseki K, Chao S-Y (2000b) Continental margin carbon fluxes. In: Hanson RB, Ducklow HW, Field JG (eds) The changing ocean carbon cycle: a midterm synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 187–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry RK, Baliño BM (1999) JGOFS Data Management and Synthesis Workshop, 25–27 September 1998. JGOFS Report No. 29, 45 PP

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas MI, Lutjeharms JRE, Field JG, McQuaid CD (1993) A new South African research programme in the Southern Ocean. S Afr J Sci 83:61–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackey DJ, Parslow J, Higgins HW, Griffiths FB, O’Sullivan JE (1995) Plankton productivity and biomass in the western equatorial Pacific: biological and physical controls. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 42:499–533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin JH, Fitzwater SE (1988) Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific subarctic. Nature 331: 341–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin JH, Coale KH, Johnson KS, Fitzwater SE, Gordon RM, Tanner SJ, Hunter CN, Elrod VA, Nowicki JL, Coley TL, Barber RT, Lindley S, Watson AJ, Van Scoy K (1994) Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 371:123–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marty JC, Chiavérini MD, Pizay MD, Avril B (2001) Seasonal and interannual dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton pigments in the Western Mediterranean Sea at the DYFAMED time-series station (1991–1999). Deep-Sea Res Pt II 49/11:1965–1985

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaels AF, Knap AH (1996) Overview of the US JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study and the Hydrostation ‘S’ program. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 43:157–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller CB (1993) Pelagic processes in the Subarctic Pacific. Prog Oceanogr 32:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monaco A, Biscaye PE, Laborde P (1999) The ECOFER (ECOsystème du canyon du cap-FERret) experiment in the Bay of Biscay: introduction, objectives and major results. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 46:1967–1978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morel A (1996) An ocean flux study in eutrophic, mesotrophic and oligotrophic situations: the EUMELI program. Deep-Sea Res Pt I 43:1185–1190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray JW, Johnson E, Garside C (1995) A U.S. JGOFS Process Study in the equatorial Pacific (EqPac): introduction. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 42:275–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray JW, Borgne R Le, Dandoneau Y (1997) JGOFS studies in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 44:1759–1764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicol S, Pauly T, Bindoff NL, Strutton PG (2000) ‘BROKE’ a biological/oceanographic survey off the coast of East Antarctica (80–150° E) carried out in January–March 1996. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 47:2281–2298

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson RJ, Sosik HM, Chekalyuk AM, Shalpyonok A (2000) Effects of iron enrichment on phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean during late summer: active fluorescence and flow cytometric analyses. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 47:3179–3200

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfannkuche O, Lochte K (2000) The biogeochemistry of the deep Arabian Sea: overview. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 47:2615–2628

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popova E, Ryabchenko VA, Fasham MJR (2000) Biological pump and vertical mixing in the Southern Ocean: their impact on atmospheric CO2. Global Biogeochem Cy 14:477–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasanna Kumar SP, Madhupratap M, Dileep Kumar M, Gauns M, Muraleedharan PM, Sarma VVSS, De Souza SN (2000) Physical control of primary productivity on a seasonal scale in the central and eastern Arabian Sea. P Indian As-Earth 109: 433–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Quay P (1997) Was a carbon balance measured in the equatorial Pacific during JGOFS? Deep-Sea Res Pt II 44:1765–1783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roy S, Sundby B, Vézina AF, Legendre L (2000) A Canadian JGOFS process study in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Introduction. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 47:377–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saino T, Kusakabe M (2002) JGOFS Studies on carbon cycle in the North Pacific. Institute for Hydrospheric-Atmospheric Sciences, Nagoya University, (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Saino T, Bychkov A, Chen C-TA, Harrison PJ (2002) The Joint Global Flux Study in the North Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II 49:5297–5301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarmiento JL, Le Quéré C (1996) Oceanic carbon dioxide in a model of century-scale global warming. Science 274:1346–1349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarmiento JL, Sundquist ET (1992) Revised budget for the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon. Nature 356:589–593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarmiento JL, Slater RD, Fasham MJR, Ducklow HW, Toggweiler JR, Evans GT (1993) A seasonal three-dimensional ecosystem model of nitrogen cycling in the North Atlantic euphotic zone. Global Biogeochem Cy 7:417–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savidge G, Turner DR, Burkill PH, Watson AJ, Angel MV, Pingree RD, Leach H, Richards KJ (1992) The BOFS 1990 spring bloom experiment: temporal evolution and spatial variability of the hydrographie field. Prog Oceanogr 29:235–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savidge G, Boyd P, Pomroy A, Harbour D, Joint I (1995) Phytoplankton production and biomass estimates in the north-east Atlantic Ocean, May–June 1990. Deep-Sea Res Pt I 42: 599–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCOR (1990) The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study science plan. Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research. JGOFS Report No. 5, 61 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • SCOR (1992) Joint Global Ocean Flux Study implementation plan. International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. IGBP Report No. 23 and JGOFS Report No. 9,38 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimmield GB, Brand TD, Ritchie GD (1995) The benthic geochemical record of the late Holocene carbon flux in the northeast Atlantic. Philos T Roy Soc B 348:221–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel DA, Karl DM, Michaels AF (2001) Interpretations of biogeochemical processes from the US JGOFS Bermuda and Hawaii time-series sites. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 48:1403–1404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smetacek V, De Baar HJW, Bathmann UV, Lochte K, Van Der Loeff MMR (1997) Ecology and biogeochemistry of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current during austral spring: a summary of Southern Ocean JGOFS cruise ANT X/6 of R.V. Polarstern. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 44:1–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith SL (2001) Understanding the Arabian Sea: reflections on the 1994–1996 Arabian Sea expedition. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 48: 1385–1402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith SL, Codispoti LA, Morrison JM, Barber RT (1998) The 1994–1996 Arabian Sea Expedition: an integrated, interdisciplinary investigation of the response of the Northwestern Indian Ocean to monsoonal forcing. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 45:1905–1915

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith WO Jr., Anderson RF, Moore JK, Codispoti LA, Morrison JM (2000) The US Southern Ocean Joint Global Ocean Flux Study: an introduction to AESOPS. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 47: 3073–3093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strass VH, Bathmann UV, Rutgers van der Loeff MM, Smetacek V (2002) Mesoscale physics, biogeochemistry and ecology of the Antarctic Polar Front, Atlantic sector: an introduction to and summary of cruise ANT XIII/2 of R.V. Polarstern. Deep-Sea Res II 49:3707–3711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi T, Wanninkhof RH, Feely RA, Weis RF, Chipman DW, Bates NR, Olafsson J, Sabine C, Sutherland SC (1999) Net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans: an improved estimate based on the air-sea pCO2 difference. In: Nojiri Y (ed) Second International Symposium on CO2 in the Oceans. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba Tsukuba, Japan, pp 9–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Tréguer P, Pondaven P (2002) Climatic changes and the Southern Ocean: a step forward. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 49:1597–1610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trull T, Sedwick PN, Griffiths FB, Rintoul SR (2001) Introduction to special section: SAZ project. J Geophys Res 106(C12):31425–31429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsunogai S, Watanabe S, Sato T (1999) Is there a ‘continental shelf pump’ for the absorption of atmospheric CO2? Tellus B 51:701–712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsurushima N, Nojiri Y, Imai K, Watanabe S (2002) Seasonal variations of carbon dioxide system and nutrients in the surface mixed layer at station KNOT (44°N, 155°E) in the subarctic western North Pacific. Deep-Sea Res II 49:5377–5394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner DR, Owens NJP (1995) A biogeochemical study in the Bellingshausen Sea: overview of the STERNA 1992 expedition. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 42:907–932

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veldhuis MJW, Kraay GW, Van Bleijswijk JDL, Baars MA (1997) Seasonal and spatial variability in phytoplankton biomass, productivity and growth in the northwestern Indian Ocean: the southwest and northeast monsoon, 1992–1993. Deep-Sea Res Pt I 44:425–449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace DWR (2001) Storage and transport of excess CO2 in the oceans: the JGOFS/WOCE Global CO2 Survey. In: Siedler G, Church J, Gould J (eds) Ocean circulation and climate. Academic Press, pp 489–521

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson AJ, Liss P, Duce R (1991) Design of a small-scale in situ iron fertilisation experiment. Limnol Oceanogr 36:1960–1965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong CS, Whitney FA, Crawford DW, Iseki F, Matear RJ, Johnson WK, Page JS, Timothy D (1999) Seasonal and interannual variability in particle fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and silicon from time series of sediment traps at Ocean Station P, 1982–1993: relationship to changes in subarctic primary production. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 46:2735–2760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong GTF, Chao S-Y, Li Y-H, Shiah F-K (2000) The Kuroshio edge exchange processes (KEEP) study — an introduction to hypotheses and highlights. Cont Shelf Res 20:335–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoder JA, Ackleson SG, Barber RT, Flament P, Balch WM (1994) A line in the sea. Nature 371:689–692

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeitzschel B (1973) The biology of the Indian Ocean. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 549 pp

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng J, Nojiri Y, Murphy PP, Wong CS, Fujinuma Y (2002) A comparison of pCO2 distributions in the northern North Pacific using results from a commercial vessel in 1995–1999. Deep-Sea Res II 49:5303–5315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Quay PD (1997) The total organic carbon export based on 13C and 12C of DIG budgets in the equatorial Pacific region. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 44:2163–2190

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fasham, M.J.R. (2003). JGOFS: a Retrospective View. In: Fasham, M.J.R. (eds) Ocean Biogeochemistry. Global Change — The IGBP Series (closed). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55844-3_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55844-3_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62691-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55844-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics