Abstract
Negative ions appear in gases under two circumstances: (1) they may be created in the gas largely through attachment of free electrons to atoms, molecules and rarely by dissociation of molecules in a polar phase by electron impact, (2) they may be introduced into the gas by interaction of fast particles of atomic mass with surfaces or by liberation from hot surfaces. Attachment of electrons causes loss of the former as ionizing agents, it leads to delayed and undesirable electronic ionizing events in asymmetrical field breakdown, to negative ion space charge action limiting current flow and it may act to increase the rate of loss of carriers by recombination. Negative ions from surfaces or filaments are the cause of destruction of oscilloscope screens.
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Loeb, L.B. (1956). Formation of Negative Ions. In: Electron-Emission Gas Discharges I / Elektronen-Emission Gasentladungen I. Encyclopedia of Physics / Handbuch der Physik, vol 4 / 21. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45844-6_6
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