Abstract
The Hemiptera are a large group of insects with representative species in abundance throughout the world, there being more than 55,000 known species. Many of these species have made their presence felt by man, some by being serious plant pests, some through transmission of plant viruses, and yet others by being disease vectors of man and other animals. The Hemiptera are not the only insects with a haustellum, but they are the only ones in which this beak is derived from the elongated labium. The haustellum constitutes a sheath for the stylet-like maxillae and mandibles: when the beak pierces plant or animal tissue, salivary fluids are forced into the tissue along one tube and the partially digested materials are withdrawn through the other.
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Weatherston, J., Percy, J.E. (1978). Venoms of Rhyncota (Hemiptera). In: Bettini, S. (eds) Arthropod Venoms. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology / Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, vol 48. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45501-8_18
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