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Cliometric Approaches to War

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Abstract

This article reviews the economic history of war, a literature that comes not just from economics or from history but from other fields of social sciences as well. We first review the scholarship on the premodern period, especially the formation of European nation states and conflicts. It seems clear that Europeans emerged from this period with a comparative advantage in violence, through technological innovations and repeated warfare. Fiscal innovation and the expansion of state’s capacity were a key part of the process. The conflicts during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic period then changed the nature of warfare and ushered in an era of total war and industrialization. Then came the world wars, the period that economic historians have devoted more attention to than any other. New data and scholarship have shown the mechanics of mobilization and highlighted the importance of resources in deciding these conflicts. By contrast, the subsequent Cold War years have been relatively sparsely studied, at least from the perspective of conflicts or military spending. Given the availability of new data, the opening of many archives, as well as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, it is highly likely that this state of affairs will change in the near future, and researchers may also shift to questions that arise outside of Europe and Western democracies. Overall, economic historians studying war have had an impact on related long-run phenomena such as state formation, empires, and the growth of democracy. Cliometrics is well-suited to the study of such topics, given the new panel and time series techniques, the rapid development of computing power, and the many new online databases.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Coordinator of the European State Finance Database: http://www.esfdb.org/

  2. 2.

    Founders of The Global Price and Income History Group: http://gpih.ucdavis.edu/

  3. 3.

    See Fishback and Kachanovskaya (2010) as an example of this debate.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Jari Eloranta

  2. California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA, USA

    Philip T. Hoffman

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  1. Jari Eloranta
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. BETA/CNRS (UMR 7522), University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg Cedex, France

    Claude Diebolt

  2. University of Wisconsin Department of Economics, La Crosse, WI, USA

    Michael Haupert

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Eloranta, J., Hoffman, P.T. (2023). Cliometric Approaches to War. In: Diebolt, C., Haupert, M. (eds) Handbook of Cliometrics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40458-0_4-2

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  1. Latest

    Cliometric Approaches to War
    Published:
    22 July 2023

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40458-0_4-2

  2. Original

    Cliometric Approaches to War
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    23 April 2014

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40458-0_4-1

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