Zusammenfassung
Das Neuroblastom, der häufigste extrakranielle Tumor des Kindesalters, geht von sympathischem Nervengewebe aus. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die onkologischen Kennzeichen dieses urologischen Malignoms, die Diagnostik und die Therapie. Kinder mit prognostisch gutartigen Tumoren sollen gar nicht oder nur gering therapiert werden. Für Patienten mit mittlerem Rezidivrisiko wird eine Polychemotherapie vorgeschlagen, mit operativer Resektion im Verlauf. Die Strahlensensibilität von Neuroblastomen wird genützt, soweit die lokalisationsbedingten Limitationen es erlauben. Kinder mit hochmalignen, meist auch systemisch metastasierten Neuroblastomen werden chemotherapeutisch durch Hochdosistherapie mit autologem Stammzell-Rescue „ausgereizt“. Zusätzlich wird der Nutzen anderer Substanzen bei diesen Patienten und im Fall eines Rezidivs evaluiert. Dennoch erreichen die Langzeitergebnisse noch nicht 50%.
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Kremens, B., Eggert, A. (2014). Neuroblastom. In: Rübben, H. (eds) Uroonkologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35032-0_29
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35032-0_29
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