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Tuberculosis in Special Groups and Occupational Hazards

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Tuberculosis

Abstract

At the beginning of the last quarter of the twentieth Century, tuberculosis seemed to be a disease in decay in the developed world. The image was that of a slow but progressive decrease in the prevalence of the disease due to the availability of a very effective therapy and the increasing development of hygienic measures. However, some years later, an increase in the number of cases of tuberculosis was detected in the USA. This fact, together with the appearance of cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, which were very difficult to treat, increased the interest of the scientific community in this half-forgotten disease. In 1993, the WHO declared tuberculosis a global emergency because of the increasing number of cases throughout the world, and more measures were taken in the fight against the disease. The fact that tuberculosis is mainly a respiratory disease that can be transmitted airborne or by droplets makes any person in contact with a patient who suffers from active respiratory tuberculosis susceptible to infection. However, because of the nature of transmission and the immune response of the host against the pathogen, some population groups, such as closed communities (correctional facilities, shelters, jails, hospitals, miners and others) seem to present unique characteristics. This is also the case in patients with underlying conditions that make the risk of active tuberculosis higher, either by immunosuppression or by local factors (silicosis, transplantation, diabetes, malignancies, drug abuse). The following pages describe the special characteristics of tuberculous diseases in these groups, with a Special emphasis on protective measures.

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  1. Department of Medical Microbiology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Jaime Esteban MD

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  1. Jaime Esteban MD
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  1. Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, 11159, Saudi Arabia

    M. Monir Madkour

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Esteban, J. (2004). Tuberculosis in Special Groups and Occupational Hazards. In: Madkour, M.M. (eds) Tuberculosis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18937-1_7

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