Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spinal Tuberculosis

  • Chapter
Tuberculosis

Abstract

Features of spinal tuberculosis has been noted, reported and described by the Ancient Egyptians 5000 years ago. They noted in their paintings and writings its occurrence among ordinary people and among the nobles (Fig. 1.1, Chap. 1 Tuberculosis in Ancient Egypt).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akhaddar A et al (1999) Craniocervical junction tuberculosis in children. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 66:739–742

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al Arabi KM, al Sebai MW et al (1992) Evaluation of radiological investigations in spinal dtuberculosis. Int Orthop 16:165–167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allali F et al (2000) Atlantoaxial tuberculosis: three cases. Joint Bone Spine 67:481–484

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Mulhim FA, Ibrahim EM et al (1995) Magnetic resonance imaging of tuberculous spondylitis. Spine 20:2287–2292

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Othman A et al (2001) Tuberculous spondylitis: analysis of 69 cases from Saudi Arabia. Spine 26:E565–E570

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Soub H (1996) Retropharyngeal abscess associated with tuberculosis of the cervical spine. Tuberc Lung Dis 77: 563–565

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey HL, Gabriel M, Hodgson AR et al (1972) Tuberculosis of the spine in children. Operative findings and results in one hundred consecutive patients treated by removal of the lesion and anterior grafting. J Bone Joint Surg 54A: 1633–1657

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes PF, Barrows SA (1993) Tuberculosis in the 1990’s. Ann Intern Med 119:400–410

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beekarun DD et al (1995) Atypical spinal tuberculosis in children. J Pediatr Orthop 15:148–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhojraj et al (2001) Tuberculosis of the craniocervical junction. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83:222–225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bilsel N et al (2000) Late onset paraplegia. Spinal Cord 38: 669–674

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boachie-Adjei O, Squillante RG (1996) Tuberculosis of the spine. Orthop Clin North Am 27:95–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chahal AS, Jyothi SP (1990) The radical treatment of tuberculosis of the spine. Int Orthop 4:93–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Cosivi O, Grange JM et al (1998) Zoonotic tuberculosis duets Mycobacterium bovis in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 4:59–70

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danesh-Clough T et al (2000) Mycobacterium xenopi infection of the spine: a case report and literature review. Spine 25: 626–628

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhammi IK, Singh S, Jain AK (2001) Hemiplegic/monoplegic presentation of cervical spine (C1-C2) tuberculosis. Eur Spine J 10:540–544

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doub HP, Badgley CE (1932) The roentgen signs of tuberculosis of the vertebral body. Am J Roentegenol 27:827–837

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards RJ et al (2000) Management of tuberculomas of the craniocervical junction. Br J Neurosurg 14:600

    Google Scholar 

  • Garst RJ (1992) Tuberculosis of the spine: a review of 236 operated cases in an underdeveloped region from 1954 to 1964. J Spinal Disord 5:286–300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalakrishnan D, Krishna KN (2002) Cervico-thoracic junction spinal tuberculosis presenting as radiculopathy. Neurol India 50:93–94

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govender S et al (2000) Spinal tuberculosis in HIV positive and negative patients: immunological response and clinical outcome. Int Orthop 24:163–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govender S et al (2001a) Anterior spinal decompression in HIV positive patients with tuberculosis. A prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83:864–867

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govender S et al (2001b) Long-term follow-up assessment of vascularized rib pedicle graft for tuberculosis Kyphosis. J Pediatr Orthop 21:281–284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govender S et al (2001c) Tuberculosis of the cervicodorsal junction. J Pediat Orthop 21:285–287

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffths DLL (1979) The treatment of spinal tuberculosis. In: McKibbin B (ed) Recent advances in orthopaedics. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Harisinghani MG et al (2000) Tuberculosis from head to toe. Radiographics 20:449–470

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson AR, Stock FE (1960) Anterior fusion for the treatment of tuberculosis of the spine: the operative findings and results of treatment in the first one hundred cases. J Bone Joint Surg 41A-.295–310

    Google Scholar 

  • Houshian S et al (2000) Bone and Joint tuberculosis in Denmark: increase due to immigration. Acta Orthop Scand 7:312–315

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu LCS, Cheng CL et al (1984) Tuberculosis of the lower cervical spine (C2 to C7). J Bone Joint Surg 66B:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu LCS, Cheng CL et al (1988) Potts paraplegia of late onset. J Bone Joint Surg 70B:534–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphries MJ et al (1986) Spinal tuberculosis presenting with abdominal Symptoms — a report of two cases. Tuberde 67: 303–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain AK (2002) Treatment of tuberculosis of the spine with neurologic complications. Clin Orthop Relat Res 398:75–84

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jain AK, Aggarwal A, Mehrotra G (1999a) Correlation of canal encroachment with neurological deficit in tuberculosis of the spine. Int Orthop 23:85–86

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain AK, Kumar S, Tuli SM (1999b) Tuberculosis of the spine (C1-D4). Spinal Cord 37:362–369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain R, Sawhney S, Berry M (1993) Computer tomography of vertebral tuberculosis: patterns of bone destruction. Clin Radiol 47:196–199

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jellis JE (1995) Bacterial infections: bone and Joint tubeculosis. Bailliere’s Clin Rheumatol 9:151–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jellis JE (1996) Orthopaedic infection associated with HIV disease. Surgery 12:175–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Jellis JE (2002) Human immunodeficiency virus and osteoarticular tuberculosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 398:27–31

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanaan IU et al (1999) Craniocervical junction tuberculosis: a rare but dangerous disease. Surg Neurol 51:21–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leibert E et al (1996) Spinal tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: clinical presentation, therapy and outcome. Tuberc Lung Dis 77:329–334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lifeso RM (1987) Atlantoaxial instability in adults. J Bone Joint Surg 69B:183–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Lifeso RM, Weaver P, Härder EH (1985) Tuberculous spondylitis in adults. J Bone Joint Surg 67A:1405–1413

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin-Greenberg A, Cholankeril J (1990) Vertebral arch destruction in tuberculosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 14:300–302

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lmejjati M et al (2000) Tumor-like tuberculosis of the sacrum. Joint Bone Spine 67:468–470

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luk KD, Krishna M (1996) Spinal Stenosis above a healed tuberculous Kyphosis. A case report. Spine 21:1098–1101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lukhele M (1996) Tuberculosis of the cervical spine. S Afr Med J; 86:663–670

    Google Scholar 

  • Madkour et al (1987) Radiological features of Brucella spondylitis. American Roentgen Ray Society, 87th annual meeting, paper no 1,154

    Google Scholar 

  • Madkour MM (1989) Occupational related infectious arthritis. In: Balint GP, Buchanan WW (eds) Baillieres clinical rheumatology: occupational rheumatic diseases, vol 3. Saunders, London, pp 157–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Madkour M, Sharif H (2001) Bone and Joint imaging. In: Madkour M (ed) Madkour’s brucellosis, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 90–132

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Madkour M et al (1985) Brucellosis in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 6:324–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Madkour M et al (1988) Osteoarticular brucellosis: results of bone Scintigraphy in 140 patients. AJR 150:1101–1105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandell GL, Petri WA Jr (1987) Drugs used in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, M avium complex disease and leprosy. In: Hardmen JG, Gilman AG, Limbird LE (eds) Goodman and Gillman’s: The pharmocological basis of therapeutics, 9th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 1155–1174

    Google Scholar 

  • Marketos SG, Skiadas PK (1999) Galen: a pioneer of spine research. Spine 24:2358–2362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin NS (1970) Tuberculosis of the spine: J Bone Joint Surg 52B:613–628

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin NS (1971) Paraplegia. A report on 120 cases. J Bone Joint Surg 53B:596–608

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuinness F (2000) Tuberculous spondylitis. In: McGuinness F (ed) Clinical imaging of non-pulmonary tuberculosis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 43–80

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Medical Research Council (1978) Working part on tuberculosis of the spine: a controlled trial of anterior spinal fusion and debridement in the surgical management of tuberculosis of the spine in patients on Standard chemotherapy: a study in two centers in South Africa. Tubercle 59:79–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moon MS, HA KY, Sun DH et al (1996) Pott’s paraplegia. Clin Orthop 323:122–128

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum ES et al (1985) Spinal tuberculosis: a diagnostic and management challenge. J Neurosurg 83:243–247

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly LM, Daborn CJ (1995) The epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections in animals and man. Tubercle LungDis 16:1–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okuyama Y et al (1996) Tuberculous spondylitis (Pott’s disease) with bilateral pleural effusion. Intern Med 35: 883–885

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parry O, Bhebhe E, Levy LF (1999) Non-traumatic paraplegia in a Zimbabwean population — a retrospective survey. Cent AfrJ Med 45:114–119

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pertuiset E et al (1999) Spinal tuberculosis in adults. A study of 103 cases in a developed country 1980-1994. Medicine (Baltimore) 78:309–320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pollard BA, El-Beheiry H (1999) Pott’s disease with unstable cervical spine, retropharyngeal cold abscess and progressive airway obstruction. Can J Anaesth 46:772–775

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajasekaran S (2001) The natural history of post-tuberculous Kyphosis in children. Radiological signs which predict late increase in deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83:954–962

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajasekaran S, Shanmugasundaram TK (1987) Prediction of the gibbus deformity in tuberculosis of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg 69A:503–509

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajasekaran S et al (1998) Tuberculous lesions of the lumbosacral region. A 15-year follow-up of patients treated by ambulant chemotherapy. Spine 23:1163–1167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajeswari R et al (1997) Late onset paraplegia — a sequelae to Pott’s disease. A report on imaging, prevention and management. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1:468–473

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasit AJ et al (2001) The pattern of spinal tuberculosis in Sarawak General Hospital. Med J Malaysia 56:143–150

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rezai AR et al (1995) Modern management of spinal tuberculosis. Neurosurgery 36:87–97

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders WE Jr, Horowitz EA (1995) Other mycobacterium species. In: Mandell GL, Benett JE, Dolin R (eds) Principles and practice of infectious disease, 4th edn. Wiley, New York, pp 2264–2272

    Google Scholar 

  • Satoskar RS, Bhandarkar SD, Ainapure SS (1999) Chemotherapy of tuberculosis. Pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics, 16th edn. Populär Prakhashan, Mumbai, India, pp 713–729

    Google Scholar 

  • Sayi EN, Mlay SM (1995) Tuberculosis of the spine in children at Muhimbili Medical Center — Dar es Salaam. East Afr Med J 72:46–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulitz KP et al (1997) Growth changes of solidly fused Kyphotic bloc after surgery for tuberculosis. Comparison of four procedures. Spine 22:1150–1155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharif HS et al (1989) Brucellar and tuberculous spondylitis: Comparative-imaging features. Radiology 171:419–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharif HS et al (1990) Granulomatous spinal infection: MR imaging, Radiology 177:101–107

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharif HS et al (1995a) Role of MRI and CT imaging in the management of tuberculous spondylitis. Radiol Clin North Am 33:787–804

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharif HS et al (1995b) Role of MRI in the management of spinal infections. AJR Am J Roentgenol 158:1333–1345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shembekar A, Babhulkar S (2002) Chemotherapy of osteoarticular tuberculosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 398:20–26

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh B et al (1998) Isolated cervical tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 118:766–770

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava S, Sanghavi NG (2000) Non-traumatic paraparesis: Aetiological, clinical and radiological profile. J Assoc Physic India 48:988–990

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tirri R et al (2000) Pott’s disease of the lower cervical spine in a diabetic patient. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 55:205–207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuli SM (2002) General principles of osteoarticular tuberculosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 398:11–19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tuli SM, Srivastava TP, Varma BP, Sinha GP (1967) Tuberculosis of the spine. Acta Orthop Scand 38:445–458

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Upadhyay SS, Seil P, Saji MJ et al (1993) Seventeen year prospective study of surgical management of spinal tuberculosis in children. Spine 18:1704–1711

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Upadhyay SS et al (1996) The effect of age on the change in deformity after anterior debridement surgery for tuberculosis of the spine. Spine 21:2356–2362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaidya MK, Shah GV, Bharucha KE (1995) Pregnancy and its outcome in quadriplegia due to Pott’s spine. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 49:319–321

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Staden H (1992) The discovery of the body: human dissection and its cultural contexts in ancient Greece. Yale J Biol Med 65:223–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Ventura G et al (1996) Pott’s Disease of the cervico-occipital junction in an AIDS patient. Tuberc Lung Dis 77:188–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver P, Lifeso R (1984) The radiological diagnosis of tuberculosis of the adult spine. Skeletal Radiol 12:178–186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner BK et al (1998) Mycobacterium avium intracellulare: vertebral osteomyelitis. J Spinal Disord 11:89–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 7897, C-119, Riyadh, 11159, Saudi Arabia

    M. Monir Madkour MD, DM, FRCP (Consultant)

  2. Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 7897, Riyadh, 11159, Saudi Arabia

    M. Wasef Al Sebai (Consultant Spinal Surgeon) & Khalaf R. Al Moutaery MD, FRCS, (Ed), FACS (Head of Neurosurgery)

Authors
  1. M. Monir Madkour MD, DM, FRCP
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Wasef Al Sebai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Khalaf R. Al Moutaery MD, FRCS, (Ed), FACS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, 11159, Saudi Arabia

    M. Monir Madkour

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Madkour, M.M., Al Sebai, M.W., Al Moutaery, K.R. (2004). Spinal Tuberculosis. In: Madkour, M.M. (eds) Tuberculosis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18937-1_30

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18937-1_30

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62365-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18937-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation