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PCR and Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

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Tuberculosis

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Abstract

The current ‘gold standard’ for the identification of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens is based on acid-fast microscopy of sputum Sediments or other specimens (AFB smears), followed by culture confirmation using definitive biochemical or DNA probe analyses. Although AFB smear results can be available within 1 day, they are only 50%–70% sensitive and do not distinguish between M. tuberculosis and other nontuberculosis mycobacteria that may be present in specimens. Traditional culture-based methodologies for the detection of M. tuberculosis require between 1 and 8 weeks to perform and often have low sensitivity when small numbers of organisms are analyzed (AFB smear-negative). In addition, culture-based drug-susceptibility testing requires several additional weeks to identify drug-resistant M. tuberculosis. These factors make patient diagnosis extremely difficult, and therefore, many patients are routinely started on treatment with minimal diagnostic information. This potentially results in postponing appropriate treatment and the failure to identify rapidly those patients who need to be isolated from the general population because they are harboring drug-resistant organisms. Therefore, the rapid and specific diagnosis of tuberculosis is one of the most pressing needs in the effort to control and eventually eradicate this disease.

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  1. Molecular Biology Research Department, Laboratory Research Branch, National Hansen’s Disease Programs at LSU-SVM, Rm 3517W, Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Diana L. Williams MD

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  1. Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, 11159, Saudi Arabia

    M. Monir Madkour

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Williams, D.L. (2004). PCR and Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. In: Madkour, M.M. (eds) Tuberculosis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18937-1_13

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