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Restriction-Modification Systems as Minimal Forms of Life

  • Chapter
Restriction Endonucleases

Part of the book series: Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology ((NUCLEIC,volume 14))

Abstract

A restriction (R) endonuclease recognizes a specific DNAsequence and introduces a double-strand break (Fig. 1A). A cognate modification (M) enzyme methylates the same sequence and thereby protects it from cleavage. Together, these two enzymes form a restriction-modification system. The genes encoding the restriction endonuclease and the cognate modification enzyme are often tightly linked and can be termed a restriction-modification gene complex. Restriction enzymes will cleave incoming DNA if it has not been modified by a cognate or another appropriate methyltransferase (Fig. 1B). Consequently, it is widely believed that restriction-modification systems have been maintained by bacteria because they serve to defend the cells from infection by viral, plasmid, and other foreign DNAs(cellular defensehypothesis).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan

    I. Kobayashi

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  1. I. Kobayashi
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  1. Institute for Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    Alfred M. Pingoud

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Kobayashi, I. (2004). Restriction-Modification Systems as Minimal Forms of Life. In: Pingoud, A.M. (eds) Restriction Endonucleases. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18851-0_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18851-0_2

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