Zusammenfassung
Influenzaepidemien und Influenzapandemien treten immer wieder auf, unterscheiden sich aber deutlich im Schwergrad der klinischen Symptome. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist der Ausbruch von Influenza A/H1N1/2009, der im April 2009 in Mexiko und Kalifornien beschrieben wurde und vermutlich schon einige Wochen zuvor aufgetreten war. Dieses Virus ist genetisch nicht näher mit der zirkulierenden saisonalen Influenza aber mit zirkulierenden Schweineviren verwandt. Der neue Virusstamm ist eine Reassortante zwischen zwei verschiedenen Virusstämmen, die bei Schweinen vorkommen, und kann nun auch von Mensch zu Mensch übertragen werden. Entsprechend den Leitlinien der WHO handelt es sich um ein pandemisches Virus, bis Juli 2010 wurden weltweit insgesamt ca. 18.000 Todesfälle gemeldet.
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Schnitzler, P. (2012). Influenzavirus A/H1N1/2009 – ein Überblick vom Ausbruch bis zur Vakzination. In: Darai, G., Handermann, M., Sonntag, HG., Zöller, L. (eds) Lexikon der Infektionskrankheiten des Menschen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17158-1_6
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